ODD & CD-similarities in both emotional and behavioral regulationODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)-more prevalent in boys-onset in preschool and precedes CD (ODD->CD->APD)• angry/irritable mood• argumentative/defiant behavior• vindictivenessSymptoms last 6 months & four symptoms from 1 categoryunder 5 behavior occurs most daysover 5 behavior occurs once a weekConduct Disorderusually seen in older kids3 symptoms over 12 months• aggressive to people and animals (violating rights of others)• destruction of property• deceitfulness or theftSymptoms vary with age:• increased physical strength• cognitive abilities• sexual maturity• Fault is placed on everyone elseExplaining ODD/CD-Adopted children with antisocial biological fathers are more likely to develop the disorder, genetic influences correlations contribute to ODD/CD, genetic factorsinfluence ODD/CD-Parental factors such as maternal responsiveness & low infant fearfulness predict later conduct problems, insecurely attached infants is basis for later socialbehavior, substance abusing parents, excessive conflict within family,-Neurobiological factors are interrelated such as decrease in punishment sensitivity and reward sensitivity and cognitive controlPathway Models (escalation model)• Overt: minor aggression-> physical fighting -> violence (bullying/annoying)• Covert: shoplifting/lying; before age 15; property damage-> delinquency (hidden)• Authority Conflict: stubborn->defiance against authority->authority avoidance (truancy/running away/ staying out late);before age 12(multifinality) ODD->CD ->Depression ->AnxietyTreatment• better to treat parent and childComorbidity Issues• ADHD• Depression• Anxiety• PTSDAdolescents with CD are extensively involved with the lawOptions:Home Based Behavioral (usually ODD)1. psychoeducation2. observation and monitoring3. reinforcement of prosocial behavior4. simple effective commands5. discipline unacceptable behavior6. supervision monitoring7. generalization to other environments8. communication strategies1. used in combination based on age, developmental level, and severity of symptoms"Blanket Wrap"- deescalate behaviorOther Interventions:• Socially oriented (CBT)- play skills, friendship and conversation, academic, behavior control strategies• Behaviorally oriented (CBT)- problem solving, self control, self statements, empathy, perspective talking• Anger management• Medication and inpatient