Phenomenology = Underlying StructureCategorical vs Dimensional Views• category vs continuumDiagnosis of Mood DisordersChildhood affective disorders- depression and anxietyDiagnosing an adult is different than diagnosing a childTypes of Depression:• Major Depressive Disorder1. more severe2. often recurrent3. shorter duration4. lack of manic, mixed, hypomanic episodes• Dysthymic Disorder1. less severe2. lasts over 1 year• Age based diagnostic differences1. duration for adults 2 years-dysthymia2. both show irritable moodCategorization1. Major Depression2. Dysthmia3. Bipolar Disorder• Weiss & Garber say that there might be developmental differences in phenomenology• Symptoms manifest differently for children at different ages- children and infants don't have the cognitive capacity to display some symptoms such as hopelessness, guilt, self-esteem-children have a lot of somatic symptoms i.e. headaches or aches in body- single depressive symptoms are high in children; symptoms do not indicate diagnosable syndromeMajor Depressive Disorder• doesn't appear until after childhood whereas dysthymia appears earlier in childhood• dysthymic disorder is more noticeable because it takes place over a longer period of timeSymptoms in Infants- incessant crying, attachment issues, flat affect, slower developmentSymptoms in children- consistent defiance, problems with socialization, anger, somatic symptoms, phobias, nightmaresSymptoms in Adolescence- lack of enjoyment in activities, suicidal ideation, change in sleep pattern, change in eating habits, hopelessness, worthlessness,Family factors affect males more that are transitioning from childhood to adulthood.girls diagnosed more in adolescence where as boys are diagnosed more in childhood.Co-morbidity with depression1. anxiety2. ODD3. substance abuse Childhood Bipolar Disorder is usually seen in adolescence Bipolar 1 mixed or manic episodesBipolar 2 never had a manic episode but have had hypomanic episodes Bipolar disorders are classified based on presence of 5 or more depressive symptoms during a 2 week period When diagnosing children with bipolar diagnostic features overlap with other childhood disorders especially in children and adolescents that are already prone togreater mood