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Psychology 3331: Abnormal PsychologyExam 4 Study GuideChapter 11: Eating Disorders- Anorexia Nervosa -Disorder marked by the pursuit of extreme thinness and by extreme weight losso DSM-IV-TR qualifications for Anorexia Nervosa Refusal to maintain a body weight ideal for their weight and body, leading to a body weight that is 85% less than what is expected Intense fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight Distorted body perception, places too much emphasis on weight and body shape in self-evaluation, denial of severity of current low weight Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual cycle)o Two types of Anorexia Nervosa Restricting Type Anorexia Nervosa: Restricting food consumption Binge-Eating/Purging-type Anorexia Nervosa: Forced vomiting after meals, laxative use after meals, frequent eating bingeso 90-95% of Anorexia Nervosa cases occurred in femaleso Peak onset age of 14-18 years oldo 0.5-3.5% of females in western cultures will develop Anorexia Nervosao Losing weight is the goal, fear of weight gain is the motivationo People become obsessed and preoccupied with foodPlan all meals, Talk about food constantly, Dream of foodo Starvation Study-In the late 1940’s there was a study conducted with 36 normal-weight subjects. They were placed on semi starvation diet, only allowed to eat half of the calories they would normally consume. Subjects became obsessed with food; they planned all their meals, only talked about food, and some reported even dreaming about food. o People with Anorexia Nervosa often display other psychological disorders like depression, anxiety, insomnia, sometimes substance abuse, OCDo Medical issues associated with Anorexia NervosaAmenorrhea, Low blood pressure, Decreased heart rate, Reduced bone mineral density, Lanugo-a fine silky hair that grows all over the body- Bulimia Nervosa -Disorder marked by frequent eating binges followed by forced compensatory behaviors to avoid gaining weight o DSM-IV-TR qualifications for Bulimia Nervosa Recurrent episodes of binge eating Recurrent inappropriate behavior in order to prevent weight gain Symptoms persisting at least twice a week for two months Undue influence of weight or body shape on self-evaluation o Binge-An episode of uncontrollable eating where someone consumers an extreme amount of foodo After a binge, one will engage in some sort of compensatory behavioro Two types of Bulimia Nervosa Purging-type Bulimia Nervosa: Vomiting, abusing laxatives, enemas Non Purging-type Bulimia Nervosa: Excessive exercise, fastingo 90-95% of cases occur in womeno 15-21 years old is peak onset ageo Unlike Anorexia Nervosa, weight remains relatively unchangedo Binge-eating disorder-Not listed in the DSM-IV-TR, one engages in binge eating behavior, without the subsequent compensatory behavioro People with Bulimia Nervosa tend to engage in… 1-30 binge episodes per week 1,000-10,000 calories consumed per binge episode- Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia Nervosao Both commonly begin after a period of dietingo Both are driven by a fear of gaining weighto People with either disorder are at a heightened risk of committing suicideo People with Bulimia tend to be more concerned with pleasing other people, they tend to be more sexually active and experienced, tend to have a longer/more complicated history of mood swings, when compared to people with Anorexia Nervosao Only half of women with Bulimia Nervosa develop amenorrhea- What Causes an Eating Disorder?o Multidimensional risk perspective-Theory that identifies risk factors that are thought to combine and result in a disorder. The greater number of factors present, the greater the chance of developing the disorder. o Psychodynamic perspective on Eating Disorders Disturbed mother-child interactions lead to ego deficiencies which lead to serious perceptual disturbances, which manifest themselves as an eating disorder The psychodynamic perspective thinks that there are two types of parents- Effective Parents-Parents who correctly respond to their child’s biological and emotional needso Child is crying due to hungerParent feeds themo Child is crying due to fearParent comforts them- Ineffective Parents-Parents fail to correctly respond to their child’s needso Child is crying due to hungerParent incorrectly interprets their crying as fear and comforts the child, leaving the child hungryo Child is crying due to fearParent incorrectly interprets their crying as hunger and feeds child, leading the child to associate eating with a time of anxiety Ineffective parents cause children to not know how to interpret their own internal feelings and desires  People with eating disorders are often have alexithymia (difficulty describing/interpreting their feelings)o Cognitive Perspective on Eating Disorders Improper labeling of needs and desires, feeling of no control over one’s own life, BUT they feel as if they have full desire of their body and their weight These deficiencies lead to cognitive distortion, which leads to eating disordero Biological Perspective on Eating Disorders Relatives who are helping a family member through an Eating Disorder are 6x more likely to develop an Eating Disorder If identical twin has Anorexia, the other is 70% more likely to develop a Anorexia as well (20% in fraternal twins) If an identical twin has Bulimia, the other is 23% more likely to develop a Anorexia as well (9% in fraternal twins) Research has found that there is a link between genes that produce serotonin and eating disorder People with an eating disorder have observable low levels of serotonin - NOTE: People with an eating disorder often have other psychological disorders like depression, anxiety, OCD. Thesedisorders all are linked to low serotonin levels, so it’s possiblethat the low levels in eating disorder patients are due to that. Possible link in the Hypothalamus- Hypothalamus regulates bodily functions- There are two areas in the hypothalamus that control eatingo Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)side areas of hypothalamus, produce hunger when activatedo Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VHM) bottom middle of the hypothalamus, reduce hunger when activated- These areas are activated by appetite suppressing chemicalso Cholecystokinin (CCK)o Glucagon-like peptide-1- Scientists believe that hypothalamus and chemicals work together to keep individual at “weight set point”o Weight Set Point-weight level that


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OSU PSYCH 3331 - Exam 4 Study Guide

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