SYD 4700 Dr Tillman SYD 4700 Second Exam Study Guide The following are topics from the readings and class lectures that may be covered on the exam You should be able to find information on all of these topics by going over your class notes and your an swers to the reading questions that were posted on BlackBoard Be able to the following terms define and or discuss Conflict Perspective basic premise society is made up of groups with conflicting self interests society usually takes on the form that best serves the interests of the dominant group not every one assumptions of how the world works conflict is built into society one group usually be comes dominant consensus is artificial and temporary assumptions value judgments about how the world should work exploitation and domination are undesirable conflict and societal change are desirable because they can bring about greater equality Order Functionalist Perspective basic premise social arrangements exist as they do because they perform some function for society assumptions of how the world works society is made of interdependent parts all elements of society perform some function societies tend toward sta bility and consensus assumptions value judgments about how the world should work consen sus and stability are desirable conflict and societal change are dangerous and should be avoided or minimized Social Distance a preference to avoid certain kinds of contact with minority groups the closer the supposed contact the greater tendency to maintain social distance or avoid contact Ethnic Stratification a pattern under which social inequality falls along the lines of race or eth nicity one or more ethnic groups enjoy an advantage over another group with respect to wealth power prestige and other scarce resources Ethnocentrism a tendency to view one s group as the norm or standard and to view out groups as not just different but also strange and usually inferior the ways on the in group are seen as natural or the only way of doing things and become a standard against which out groups are judged One Drop Rule a rule that mainly applies to peoples of mixed black and white ancestry to maintain the system of discrimination and discourage whites from marrying or having children with blacks or other minorities anyone with a drop of negro blood was considered black Racial Etiquette a set of interpretative codes and racial meanings which operate in the interac tions of daily life Oppositional Identity group identity that defines themselves in opposition of another race I m black and proud and do not want to be white Rejection of the dominant group s values and cultural traits that allows them to maintain a positive self identity in the face that treatment and the attacks on their culture Develops because colonized minorities are treated harshly which pro duces an oppositional identity Impacts colonized minorities and how they re treated because they re rejected which keeps them at a lower status and limiting their opportunities Naturalization Act of 1790 made naturalization citizenships for immigrants slaves indentured servants of non whites illegal but was repealed in 1802 In 1898 all people born in the US were given citizenship Native Americans not consistently until 1924 Emancipation Proclamation 1862 issued during the Civil War under President Lincoln that pro claimed the freedom of slaves in states that were still in rebellion SYD 4700 Dr Tillman 13th Amendment 1865 abolishes slavery 14th Amendment 1865 guarantees equal protection to all citizens 15th Amendment 1865 bans denial of right to vote based on race religion or creed Plessy v Ferguson 1896 Supreme Court s ruling of separate but equal allowed for pro liferation of Jim Crow Laws overturned by Brown vs Board in 1954 Civil Rights Act of 1865 overturned in 1875 prohibited discrimination on basis of race creed or color in all public accommodations nullified the Black Codes 1830 Indian Removal Act passed by Jackson administration that forced the removal of over 45 000 Indians to the West and led to the establishment of reservation system Indian Fighters 1850s 1860s supported by the federal government reimbursed for bullets used to kill Indians in the West paid over a million dollars in total Bureau of Indian Affairs 1880s 1890s forced Indian children to attend off reservation schools traditional languages and ceremonies were forbidden authority of parents and lineages were di minished Dawes Allotment Act of 1887 broke up the reservation system into family plots Indians who accepted land were given citizenship surplus land was given to European homesteaders rein forced European notions of family and gender roles Annexation of Texas in 1845 after declaring their independence from Mexico the US annexed Texas Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 Treaty between Mexico and the US Us conquest of Mexi can territory in California Nevada Utah New Mexico and Arizona Mexican Repatriation 1929 1939 500 000 people of Mexican descent forced or pressured to leave the US by authorities without due process even though a majority of them were US citi zens Operation Wetback government operation in California Arizona and Texas to deport undocu mented Mexicans over 130 000 were actively deported and 1 million were thought to have left the US there was much evidence of abuse and the deportation of US citizens SYD 4700 Dr Tillman Bracero Programs series of laws and diplomatic agreements between the US and Mexico for the importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the US Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was effective in 1943 the US did not accept Chinese laborers or families the naturalization of Chinese immigrants was illegal Gentleman s Agreement with Japan 1907 effective until 1924 limited the number of Japanese immigrants Brown v Board of Education 1954 The case in 1954 Brown v Board of Education overturned the ruling of Plessy v Ferguson claiming separate but equal as unconstitutional It was viewed as unconstitutional for segregation because it generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely that could ever be undone Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 started after Rosa Parks was arrested and lasted for 381 days it was the first successful mass protect that served across the nation Little Rock Nine 1957 National Guard troops had to escort 9 black students into Little Rock High School 1963 Birmingham Campaign series of sit