Review Questions for Muscles and Muscle Physiology 1 Draw out a relaxed sarcomere and a contracted sarcomere make sure you can label all the different parts of the sarcomere Do not forget the the I and A bands M lines H zone actin and myosin etc you should be able to find a place for all of the parts of a sarcomere that we talked about in class 2 Write Draw a representative picture of an action potential make sure to label and list where the depolarization repolarization threshold and stimulus are 3 Write Draw muscle twitch can you label a graph of muscle twitch Make sure you know what muscle fatigue tetanus incomplete vs complete wave summation a if the stimulus is very intense and powerful then the muscle contraction will be strong weak b If the stimulus is weak then the muscle contraction will be strong weak c If there are a lot of stimuli muscle contraction will occur less frequently more frequently until the muscle reaches fatigue 4 What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contraction Can you give an example 5 How many types of levers are there What are they Can you give an example of each in the human body 6 Describe in detail the thick filaments 7 Describe in detail the thin filaments 8 What are T tubules 9 What are terminal cisterns 10 Describe in detail the NMJ Describe what happens at the NMJ if a motor neuron brings a signal to a muscle to tell it to contract 11 How are thick and thin filaments organized 12 What is the importance of Ca2 in skeletal muscle contraction You must include where the Ca2 comes from concentration and how it interacts with troponin 13 How many subunits of troponin are there What are they and what does each one do 14 List and describe each of the different types of fascicles Find one skeletal muscle that represents each type of fascicles 15 Describe in detail sliding filament theory 16 Describe in detail excitation contraction coupling for a skeletal muscle 17 What is the importance of ATP in muscle contraction 18 Describe in detail excitation contraction in smooth muscle 19 Compare and contrast skeletal muscle smooth muscle and cardiac muscle 20 what is muscular dystrophy How many types of muscular dystrophy are there 21 What is MG 22 What is ptosis 23 What is diplopia 24 What is MPS 25 What is Gower s maneuver or sign 26 What is dysarthria 27 Define action potential AP membrane potential MP and resting membrane potential RMP 28 How is RMP maintained 29 What causes RMP to occur 30 What muscle has dense bodies associated with it What do they do 31 What is dystrophin and why is it important 32 What is the functional significance of calmodulin 33 What are cross bridges How are they formed 34 What is an ATPase Why are ATPases important for myosin 35 What is the NA K ATPase used for 36 What is the importance of the Ca2 ATPase 37 List the RMPs for skeletal muscle cardiac muscle and smooth muscle 38 What cell has a RMP of 70 mV 39 What type of transport is diffusion 40 Describe a VG ion channel and give a general description of how it works 41 What types of receptors bind ACh 42 Define Sarcolemma repolarization depolarization threshold excitability synaptic knob terminal bouton neurotransmitter ACh sarcoplasmic reticulum Z discs isotropic anisotropic NMJ motor unit muscle twitch muscle tone lever fast twitch slow twitch origin insertion 43 What are the three different types of methods in which muscles can generate ATP Compare and contrast each type of energy pathway 44 How are muscles names 45 Make sure you know each of the different types of selected skeletal muscles and know what they do 46 What is the importance of the diaphragm muscle What makes it unique compared to the other skeletal muscles 47 What is postexercise oxygen consumption 48 What is muscle hypertrophy 49 Which muscle has the ability to regenerate and undergo mitosis throughout life 50 What is aerobic endurance 51 What can creatine phosphate be used for 52 What does creatine kinase do