Review Questions for Tissues 1 Describe the process of tissue repair that would occur if the visceral pericardium were torn 2 What type of tissue would be found associated with the urinary bladder ureters and urethra Why a transitional epithelium stretch significantly to accommodate large volumes of urine 3 Describe the difference between a compound tubular gland structure and simple alveolar gland structure a Tubular glands have cells of a consistent shape that form a uniform tubular lumen while alveolar glands have cells of a similarly uniform size within a large sac like lumen 4 What is ground substance a gel like substance in the extracellular space that contains all components of the extracellular matrix 5 What type of Cartilage is the most abundant in the human body What is it used for a Hyaline shock absorber 6 Which tissue type is important for locomotion and movement of things such as food stuffs a Muscle tissue 7 Which primary tissue arises from mesoderm or mesenchyme 8 What is another word for osseous a bone 9 Spongy bone has what unique feature a latticelike structure 10 What tissue has intercalated discs What is the function of these intercalated discs a cardiac tissue the major portal for cardiac cell to cell communication which is required for coordinated muscle contraction and maintenance of circulation 11 Match the following b A endoderm B Ectoderm C Mesoderm c d e f C gives rise to connective tissue A gives rise to nervous tissue C gives rise to epithelial tissue C gives rise to muscle tissue 12 What does high regenerative capacity mean a epithelia can replace these lost or damaged cells very quickly 13 Which tissue initiates and conducts transmits electrical impulses or signals to the body a Nervous tissue 14 What is unique about smooth muscle as compared to cardiac and skeletal muscle Discuss as many things as apply a Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both striated in appearance while smooth muscle is not b Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscle is voluntary c While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular parallel bundles cardiac muscle connects at branching irregular angles called intercalated discs 15 serous and mucous membranes are moist membrane whereas the cutaneous is a dry membrane Why 16 Define the following a mucin a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted b polarity all epithelia have two surfaces apical surface is not attached to surrounding tissue while basal surface is attached to underlying connective tissue c avascular no blood vessels d trabecular bone that is porous flexible low mineral content usually on the inside of bones e serous clear watery plasma f viscosity a liquid s resistance to flow g dendrite Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information h fusiform spindled shaped i multicellular consisting of many cells j multinucleated more than one nucleus per cell k involuntary not done of one s own free will automatic unintentional spontaneous l cancellous bone that has a spongy or lattice like structure m endocrine the body s slow chemical communication system a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream n mesothelium the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs o endothelium the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels body cavities glands and organs p basement membrane reinforces the epithelial sheet helps it resist stretching and tearing and defines epithelial boundary q adherents junction allowing cells within a tissue to respond to forces r gap junctions provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells 2 v selective permeability A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others s atrophy shrinkage of a tissue through a loss in cell size or number t hyperplasia increase in number of cells u apical top v neoplasia the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant 17 List and describe in detail the nature of the four types of intracellular junctions Why are they important physiologically a Tight junctions Consist of web like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membrane b Adherents junctions contains plaque a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton c Desmosomes Contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins cadherins that extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes and attach cells to one another Unlike adherents junctions the plaque of desmosomes does not attach to microfilaments Instead a desmosome plaque attaches to elements of the cytoskeleton d Gap junctions Membrane proteins called connexins form tiny fluid filled tunnels called connexons that connect neighboring cells The plasma membranes of gap junctions are not fused together as in tight junctions but are separated by a very narrow intercellular gap space 18 If a tissue is avascular how does that tissue acquire nutrients O 2 and get rid of wastes a Diffusion from apical surface digestive system OR diffusion from underlying connective tissue