Review Questions for Tissues1. Describe the process of tissue repair that would occur if the visceral pericardium were torn.2. What type of tissue would be found associated with the urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra? Why?a. transitional epithelium-stretch significantly to accommodate large volumes of urine3. Describe the difference between a compound tubular gland structure and simple alveolar gland structure.a. Tubular glands have cells of a consistent shape that form a uniform tubular lumen, while alveolar glands have cells of a similarly uniform size within a large, sac-like lumen.4. What is ground substance?a. gel-like substance in the extracellular space that contains all components of the extracellular matrix 5. What type of Cartilage is the most abundant in the human body? What is it used for?a. Hyaline-shock absorber6. Which tissue type is important for locomotion and movement of things such as food stuffs?a. Muscle tissue7. Which primary tissue arises from mesoderm or mesenchyme?8. What is another word for osseous?a. bone9. Spongy bone has what unique feature?a. latticelike structure10.What tissue has intercalated discs? What is the function of these intercalated discs?a. cardiac tissue-the major portal for cardiac cell-to-cell communication, which is required for coordinated muscle contraction and maintenance of circulation.11.Match the following:b. A. endoderm B. Ectoderm C. Mesodermc. ___C_____ gives rise to connective tissued. ___A_____ gives rise to nervous tissuee. _____C___ gives rise to epithelial tissuef. __C______ gives rise to muscle tissue12.What does high regenerative capacity mean?a. epithelia can replace these lost or damaged cells very quickly.13.Which tissue initiates and conducts (transmits) electrical impulses or signals to the body?a. Nervous tissue14.What is unique about smooth muscle as compared to cardiac and skeletal muscle? Discuss as many things as apply.a. Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both striated in appearance, while smooth muscle is not.b. Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscle is voluntary.c. While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles, called intercalated discs.15._____serous__________ and ____mucous__________ membranes are moist membrane whereas the __cutaneous____________ is a dry membrane. Why?16.Define the following:a. mucin – a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secretedb. polarity – all epithelia have two surfaces. apical surface is not attached to surrounding tissue while basal surface is attached to underlying connective tissuec. avascular – no blood vesselsd. trabecular – bone that is porous, flexible, low mineral content; usually on the inside of bonese. serous – clear, watery plasmaf. viscosity – a liquid's resistance to flowg. dendrite – Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.h. fusiform – spindled shapedi. multicellular – consisting of many cellsj. multinucleated – more than one nucleus per cellk. involuntary - not done of one's own free will; automatic; unintentional; spontaneousl. cancellous - bone that has a spongy or lattice-like structurem. endocrine – the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstreamn. mesothelium – the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organso. endothelium – the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organsp. basement membrane – reinforces the epithelial sheet, helps it resist stretching and tearing and defines epithelial boundaryq. adherents junction – allowing cells within a tissue to respond to forces,r. gap junctions – provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells2. v – selective permeability – A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.s. atrophy - shrinkage of a tissue through a loss in cell size or numbert. hyperplasia – increase in number of cellsu. apical – topv. neoplasia - the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant17.List and describe in detail the nature of the four types of intracellular junctions. Why are they important physiologically?a. Tight junctions- Consist of web like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membraneb. Adherents junctions –contains plaque, a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.c. Desmosomes-Contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherins) that extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes and attach cells to one another. Unlike adherents junctions, the plaque of desmosomes does not attach to microfilaments. Instead a desmosome plaque attaches to elements of the cytoskeleton.d. Gap junctions- Membrane proteins called connexins form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons that connect neighboring cells. The plasma membranes of gap junctions are not fused together as in tight junctions but are separated by a very narrow intercellular gap (space18.If a tissue is avascular, how does that tissue acquire nutrients, O2, and get rid of wastes?a. Diffusion from apical surface (digestive system) OR diffusion from underlying connective