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TAMU BIOL 112 - Hooking up

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Point goes after page citationIntroduction[DECONSTRUCT THIS HISTORY AND USE IT AS ANALYSIS WITHIN MY OTHER PARAGRAPHS]Hooking up has been prevalent since human beings have existed, but has never really been socially acceptable, only in modern times. Hookups began to become more frequent in the 1920’s with the upsurge of automobiles and novel entertainment. With the increase of automobiles and 8 hour work days becoming common practice, parents were no longer part of the courting process and young adults were able to explore their sexuality more freely. With the rise of feminism and contraceptives, sexual encounters outside of traditional relationships have become increasingly typical and socially acceptable. https://www.apa.org/moniTor/2013/02/ce-corner Once becoming socially acceptable, popular culture reflected this change in society with an outpour of media that shined light on the culture of hooking up. This media inadvertently influenced societal norms with portrayals of sexuality and its process. Although hooking up has been prevalent since human beings have existed, the sociological study of hookups is a fairly modern one. Kathleen Bogle first sparked the conversation on hookup culture when she released her book, “hooking up: sex, dating and relationships on campus” in 2008. In this book, Bogle states that casual hookups are becoming more prevalent specifically on college campuses, and that these experiences continue to affect the relationships of participants after leaving college. With the increase of media reflecting hook up culture in recent times, the hookup culture that Bogle conceptualized has only been exacerbated, and research on this social phenomenon has risen exponentially in Bogle’s wake. Although the social phenomenon known as “hooking up” is a controversialtopic, Bogle and many other scholars attempt to circumvent moral bias and misinformation by studying the topic from an academic lens. In 2017, Lisa Wade, a Professor of sociology, wrote “American Hookup: The New culture of Sex on Campus” to shine additional light on American hookup culture and clear up some popular misconceptions regarding the subject. [TALK ABOUT METHODS OF RESEARCH, IE: LONGITUDINAL STUDIES]In the book “American Hookup”, Wade emphasizes the problematic significance of hookup culture on college campuses, rather than the act of hooking up itself. This is contrary to widespread popular belief that believe the act of hookups is detrimental to student’s mental health. According to Wade, the media inaccurately portrays hook up culture to be larger than life and much more prevalent than it is in actual college campuses. This inaccuracy of media depiction is said to have massive impact on sexual norms on campus because the majority of students cannot live up to the warped norms that media in popular culture display. Consequentially, students feel an artificially increased societal pressure to participate in hookup culture, and increased disappointment in the result of a hookup. She references Bogles landmarkstudy to show that students believed their peers were having sex 25 times more than the actual rate. (Pg.17) Are these references good? Or can the paper do withoutParagraph3- too long of an explanation of wades research? Main goal – explain what I agree with[INCORPORATE ANALYSIS OF BOOK AND HOW IT ATTACKS, KIND OF OVERVIEW, CLEARLY STATE STRENGTHS VS WEAKNESSES, GIVE THE AUDIENCE INFORMATION SO THEY CAN DECIDE GOOD OR BAD][DECIDE IF EACH SENTENCE IS ACTUALLY MEANINGFUL]Through her extensive research, Wade also concludes that stereotypes of hook up culture in popular media not only creates significant emotional stress within students, but also reinforces limiting gender stereotypes that uphold the strain of gender inequality, and catalyzes sexual aggression leading to crime. Her qualitative analysis showed that “One in three of the students said that intimate experiences have been ‘traumatic’ or ‘very difficult to handle’, and 10 percent say that they’ve been sexually coerced or assaulted in the past year.” (Pg.14) She discovers that privileged students enjoy hook up culture the most on college campuses while racial minorities, sexual minorities, and non-participatorstend to suffer from it. Privileged members of college campuses are defined as members who fit the description of attractive more than others; this can be many factors including race, gender, facial characteristics, connections to social groups (such as fraternities) and outgoing personality. Wade entertains that the source of emotional stress is the unequal power dynamic between males and femalesresulting from limiting gender stereotypes that are realized in popular media. (Pg. 159) She uses Jess Butlers sociological study to support her argument that hookup culture is mainly dominated by male needs over female needs. Through defining males as the dominating population of hookup culture, sexual assault and sexual crime in college can be better understood. (Does this flow?) These privileged members of college campuses see casual sex as a conquest that raises their social position between other participators of the hookup culture. Enthusiasts of this culture are always the aggressor, and the effect of Tribalism can radicalize individual aggressors to illegal behaviors such as harassment and assault. This particular example was very convincing, as Dr. Hernandez stated that tribalism can radicalizeopinion and cause members of one group to treat opposing groups unequally. TRIBALISM LECTURE In this situation, the tribe of aggressors acts on their beliefs of what is acceptable and no longer take in consideration of the opposing groups norms. [DESCRIBE WHAT MEDIA WADE USES, TALK ABOUT HOW THE FORM OF MEDIA EFFECTS CAMPUS][INTRODUCE LIMITATIONS HERE][sentence is confusing, [\/LIMITATIONS OF ANALYSIS OF THE ROOT CAUSEFurthermore, Wade states that these dangerous, illegal behaviors are not only affected by tribalism of participants, but also directly influenced from popular media. I agree with this logic, but witha twist from personal perspective. (Is this awkward to add? “although I agree that popular media influences ) It is hard to believe that mainstream media directly effects student crimes, because there is no hard evidence of causation between the two. Instead, I propose that mainstream media portrayingsexual violence influences college content creators to believe that this behavior is


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