Soraya Pashaei-Marandi BIOL 112-514 Assignment 4 This phylogeny is of the animal kingdom and separates into different phylum and taxa based on the increased complexity and diversity of various organisms over time. All of the evolution that has occurred has lead up to the creation of the most complex of all organisms, the mammals. The crucial first step that was a start to the animal kingdom was the transition from single celled organisms to multicellular organisms. From this transformation stemmed many mutations and adaptations for new traits. Due to there being multicellular organisms, true tissue formed to serve for many purposes such as, grouping to form organs and joint function. An adaptation that evolved within the animals was the formation of respiratory organs. This made it possible for organisms to transition from living in water to living on land. Another character trait that evolved throughout time was appendages. Without appendages, the mobility of organisms are limited. For animals it is crucial for them to have movement to keep up with survival of the fittest. However, since each organisms is in a different environment, their appendages evolve to fit that environment the best. The most common appendages today are the legs and fins. Animals also develop their own defense mechanism against predators that threaten it. The most recognized example of this is a shell that protects the most crucial part of the animal. Over time, sensory organs began to develop in animals and the most evident one in animals are their eyes. Eyes, just like appendages, evolved independently of each other in order to best suit their environment. Another adaptation that allowed animals to live on land was the creation of the amniotic egg.With the amniotic egg, a wet environment was no longer needed to reproduce; this characteristic can be seen in Phylum Mammalia and Phylum Reptilia. These are just some of the evolutionary adaptations that are vital to the organisms that are prevalent today. These characteristics allow there to be different classifications within organisms that creates phylums and subphylum.Works Cited Harris-Haller, Tonna. Biology 112 Laboratory Manual. 9th ed. Plymouth: Hayden-McNeil, 2016. Print. Reece, Jane B. Campbell Biology. 10th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014.
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