PSY 255 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Stress in the Workplace Outline of Current Lecture II. MotivationIII. Cognitive Choice Current LectureMotivation• Organizational Psychology: Systematic study of dispositional and situational variables that influence the experiences and behaviors of individuals in organizations– Organizations are as systems, with multiple actors and pressures, that exist in changing environments• Force that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior– Energize = expends effort– Direct = effort to or for something– Sustain = effort persists– Intrinsic vs. extrinsic• Framework: 3 classes of theories– Need–motive–value– Cognitive choice– Self-regulation• Need– Force that organizes perceptions, beliefs, cognitions, and actionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.– Unfulfilled needs create tension, which we are motivated to reduce• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs– Stage theory• Satisfy lower needs, then move up to next level– 5 classes of needs• Physiological• Safety• Love• Esteem• Self-actualization– Implication: employees are at different levels in the hierarchy and are motivated by different things• Hertzberg’s two-factor theory– Job satisfaction ≠ dissatisfaction– Motivators are related to satisfaction (job content)– Hygienes are related to dissatisfaction (job context)• Job characteristics theory– Five core job dimensions influence three valued psychological states which affect work outcomesCognitive Choice• Equity theory– People compare own input–output ratios to those of others– Inputs– Outputs – Assumptions• We strive to maintain state of equity• Inequity builds tension• We are motivated to reduce tension• As magnitude of inequity increases our motivation to reduce inequity decreases– Reducing inequity can change:• your or others’ inputs• your or others’ outputs• your perceptions of inequity• your comparison other• jobs– Equity sensitivity• Folks differ in terms of sensitivity to over and under-reward; an importantmoderator– Benevolent– Entitled– Equity sensitive– Cognitive Choice– Predicts well in cases of under-reward and not so well in cases of over-reward– Does not predict how inequities are restored nor how comparison others are chosen• on valence, expectancy, and
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