BIOL 152 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 13 17 Lecture 13 March 6 Eumatoza Cnidaria Diploblastic radial symmetry Gastro vascular cavity one opening Two body plans o Sessile poly hydras anemones corals mouth up o Floating medusa jellies mouth down hydrostatic skeleton Carnivores o Tentacles with cnidocytes i e nematocysts o Medusae have hydrostatic skeleton Metazoa Porifera Multicellular lack true tissues asymmetrical Suspension feeders Specialized cells Sequential hermaphrodites produce sperm and egg Flagellated swimming larvae o Choanocytes phagocytosis o Amoebocytes spicules Lophotrochozoa Named for two distinct traits that occur in some phyla Lophophore feeding structure with ciliated tentacles around the mouth Trochophore larvae has a ring of cilia around its middle used for locomotion Rotifers Marine FW and damp soils Pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton Suspension feeders that use a crown of cilia to draw water into the mouth o Alimentary canal separate mouth and anus Lecture 14 March 18 Ecdysozoan Means exoskeleton chitin molting Arthropoda Segmented Jointed appendages Well developed senses many with compound eyes olfactory antennae Open circulatory system Gills or trachea Dueterostome 1 Radial and indeterminate 2 Coelom develops from archenteron 3 Blastopore becomes anus Asteroidea Each tube foot bears a suction disc that is used in locomotion feeding and adhering to surfaces Regeneration Lecture 15 March 20 Shared Characteristics of Chordates 1 Notochord 2 Dorsal hollow nerve cord 3 Pharyngeal slits 4 Muscular post anal tail Chordate Evolution Garstang s hypothesis paedomorphorosis species born in aquatic environment and became sexually aquatic in water FALSE Chordate Evolution Appearance of the brain Lancelets have an enlarged nerve cord tip Similar gene expression of Hox genes in the lancelet nerve cord and the vertebrate brain Vertebrates More complex nervous system and skeleton Another Hox gene duplication Vertebrae Appendages fins in aquatic species Internal fertilization with secondary distinctions Oviparous lay eggs that hatch outside mothers body Viviparous young develop within uterus Ovoviviparous fertilized eggs that remain within mothers body Young born after hatching Lecture 16 March 25 Osteichthyes Ossified endoskeleton calcium phosphate Aquatic osteichthyes contain o Operculum o Swim bladder o Lateral line o Oviparous Origin of Tetrapods Acanthostega had fully formed legs ankles and digits but also had gills a tail fin and weak pelvic Tetrapods Amphibia In most conditions they try to avoid desiccation Respiration is cutaneous via gills or lungs Metamorphosis b w larval and adult stages Worldwide decline due to habitat degradation diseases acid precipitation Amniotes Reptiles Birds Mammals Amniotic egg Amniotic egg is surrounded by extensive extra embryonic membranes No longer tied to water Less permeable skin Use rib cage to ventilate lungs Convergent evolution similarities due to common ancestry Lecture 17 March 27 Animals are made of specialized cells Specialized cells are combined into tissues Tissues are combined into organ Organs work together in organ system Four major types of tissues Connective Nervous Muscle Epithelial Positive feedback change in variable leads to amplified change Balancing heat loss with heat gain Insulation Reduces the flow of heat between an animal and its environment Vasodilation o Blood flow in the skin increases facilitating heat loss Vasoconstriction o Blood flow in the skin decreases lowering heat loss o Countercurrent heat exchange Poikilothermic temp change with environment birds and bats Homoeothermic relatively constant temperature Bioenergetics Flow of Energy in an out budget Cellular respiration produces ATP o For metabolism activities thermoregulation o Metabolic rate affected by Bioenergetic strategy