BIOL 151 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture Vertebrates Outline of Current Lecture Animal Form and Body Current Lecture Animal Form and Body Animals are made of specialized cells Specialized cells are combined into tissues Tissues are combined into organ Organs work together in organ system Four major types of tissues Connective Nervous Muscle Epithelial Organ systems must respond to environmental fluctuations Systems can either regulate or conform Conformation systems allow the internal conditions to vary with external changes Regulation uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change Tissues are organized into organs Coordination and control A thermo conformer Regulation negative feedback Positive feedback change in variable leads to amplified change Balancing heat loss with heat gain Insulation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Reduces the flow of heat between an animal and its environment May include fur feather blubber Circulatory adaptations vasodilation vasoconstriction countercurrent heat exchange Vasodilation o Blood flow in the skin increases facilitating heat loss Vasoconstriction o Blood flow in the skin decreases lowering heat loss o Countercurrent heat exchange Poikilothermic temp change with environment birds and bats Homoeothermic relatively constant temperature Bioenergetics Flow of Energy in an out budget Cellular respiration produces ATP o For metabolism activities thermoregulation o Metabolic rate affected by o Bioenergetic strategy Whether it is endothermic or ectothermic Body size Activity BMR and body size Energy Budgets o Generate ATP then varies by organism Review Chapter 5 Macromolecules Large molecules polymers composed of smaller molecules monomers 4 types of macromolecules o Carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids o Carbohydrates proteins and nucleic acids are polymers
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