BIOL 151 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture - Vertebrates Outline of Current Lecture - Animal Form and Body Current Lecture- Animal Form and BodyAnimals are made of specialized cells- Specialized cells are combined into tissues- Tissues are combined into organ- Organs work together in organ system Four major types of tissues- Connective- Nervous- Muscle- EpithelialOrgan systems must respond to environmental fluctuations- Systems can either regulate or conform - Conformation systems allow the internal conditions to vary with external changes- Regulation uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change: - Tissues are organized into organs- Coordination and control- A thermo-conformer- Regulation: negative feedbackPositive feedback – change in variable leads to amplified change - Balancing heat loss with heat gain- InsulationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Reduces the flow of heat between an animal and its environmentMay include fur, feather, blubberCirculatory adaptations – vasodilation, vasoconstriction, countercurrent heat exchange- Vasodilation o Blood flow in the skin increases facilitating heat loss- Vasoconstrictiono Blood flow in the skin decreases lowering heat losso Countercurrent heat exchangePoikilothermic – temp change with environment (birds and bats)Homoeothermic – relatively constant temperature Bioenergetics- Flow of Energy in an out = “budget”- Cellular respiration produces ATPo For metabolism, activities, thermoregulationo Metabolic rate affected by:o Bioenergetic strategyWhether it is endothermic or ectothermic? - Body size- Activity- BMR and body size- Energy Budgetso Generate ATP, then varies by organismReview Chapter 5: Macromolecules- Large molecules (polymers) composed of smaller molecules (monomers)- 4 types of macromolecules:o Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acidso Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are
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