Dr van Widenfelt PSYC 307 100 Fall 2015 Today and Friday Social Emotional development of infant in 1st 2 years Friday also review of infant development to prepare for exam Monday Test on the 3 chapters and 3 lectures EC Assignment 2 will be on e campus journal section tomorrow Today and Friday Infant and Toddler Emotional Development Emotional Regulation Self Awareness Temperament Attachment Day Care Infant and Toddler Emotional Development What are the functions of emotions What are the functions of emotions Communication Building social relationships Source of pleasure and pain Ages When Emotions Emerge Smiling and laughing Social smile 6 weeks Evoked by viewing human faces Laughter 3 to 4 months Often associated with curiosity Pleasure and Surprise 4 8 months Anger and Sadness Anger First expressed at around 6 months A response to frustration Sadness Appears in first months Is stressful experience for infants Fear and Anxiety Fear Emerges at about 9 months in response to people things or situations Stranger wariness infant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves too close Separation anxiety Tears dismay or anger occur when a familiar caregiver leaves normal When a concern If it remains very strong after age 3 it may be a symptom of an emotional or developmental disorder Toddler Emotional Development Toddlers emotions Laughing and crying become louder and more discriminating Anger and fear become less frequent and more focused Temper tantrums may appear terrible twos New emotions Pride Shame Embarrassment Disgust Guilt By age 2 most toddlers display entire spectrum of emotions and begin to regulate their reactions Emotion Regulation Learns to initiate and inhibit and modulate internal feeling states Infant uses information about others emotional expression to regulate themselves An interactional sychrony between mother and infant gets established Turn taking If mother fails to respond infant shows distress Emotional Development 1 12 mos expresses interest distress fear anxiety anger 12 24 months uses words to describe emotions regulates emotions display more emotions like guilt and shame 3 4 years can understand cause and effect of emotions ie can use a calculated tantrum Self awareness Self awareness Person s realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body mind and actions are separate from those of other people At 18 months he is at the beginning of self awareness testing to see whether his mirror image will meet his finger Self awareness First 4 months Infants have no sense of self and may see themselves as part of their mothers 5 months Infants begin to develop an awareness of themselves as separate from their mothers 15 18 months Emergence of the Me self Sense of self as the object of one s knowledge Mirror recognition Classic experiment M Lewis Brooks 1978 Babies aged 9 24 months looked into a mirror after a dot of rouge had been put on their noses None of the babies younger than 12 months old reacted as if they knew the mark was on them 15 to 24 month olds showed self awareness by touching their own noses with curiosity Temperament Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions activity and self regulation Organizes the child s approach to the world Temperament is epigenetic originating in the genes but affected by child rearing practices The 9 Temperament Traits identified 9 temperamental traits Classic child development research conducted by Chess and Thomas Activity Level This is the child s speed or how active the child is generally Does the infant always wiggle more squirm Is the infant difficult to diaper because of this Is the child always on the go Or does the child prefer sedentary quiet activities Distractibility The degree of concentration and paying attention displayed when a child is not particularly interested in an activity Is the infant easily distracted by sounds or sights while drinking a bottle Is the infant easily soothed when upset by being offered alternate activity Does the child become sidetracked easily when attempting to follow routine or working on some activity Intensity Reactions Does the infant react strongly and loudly to everything even relatively minor events Does the child show pleasure or upset strongly and dramatically Does the child just get quiet when upset Sensory Threshold Related to how sensitive this child is to physical stimuli It is the amount of stimulation sounds tastes touch temperature changes needed to produce a response in the child Does the child startle easily to sounds Is the child a picky eater or will he eat almost anything Regularity the predictability of biological functions like appetite and sleep Does the child get hungry or tired at predictable times Or is the child unpredictable in terms of hunger and tiredness Approach Withdrawal Refers to the child s characteristic response to a new situation or strangers Does the child eagerly approach new situations or people Or does the child seem hesitant and resistant when faced with new situations people or things Adaptability Related to how easily the child adapts to transitions and changes like switching to a new activity Does the child have difficulty with changes in routines or with transitions from one activity to another Does the child take a long time to become comfortable to new situations Persistence This is the length of time a child continues in activities in the face of obstacles Does the child continue to work on a puzzle when he has difficulty with it or does he just move on to another activity Is the child able to wait to have his needs met Does the child react strongly when interrupted in an activity Mood This is the tendency to react to the world primarily in a positive or negative way Does the child see the glass as half full Does he focus on the positive aspects of life Is the child generally in a happy mood Is the child generally serious New York Longitudinal Study 40 easy 10 difficulty 15 slow to warm up Jerome Kagan https www youtube com watch v CGjO1KwltOw Your temperament Development of Social Bonds Attachment Involves lasting emotional bond that one person has with another Begins to form in early infancy Parent and infant responding to each other 8 mos to 2 yrs Demonstrated through proximity seeking and contact maintaining By age 2 If secure and safe attachment is a launching pad can go out and explore the world Harlow s monkeys https www youtube com