Developmental PsychologyAgenda for unit on AdolescencePhysical development, con’t.HormonesHormonesSlide 6HormonesBrain DevelopmentcontinuedPituitary glandBiological Sequence of PubertyAdrenal glandsSleep in adolescenceSleep in adolescenceDreaming and Learning?PowerPoint PresentationSexual MaturationSlide 18Sexually active teensBrain development, TED talksDr. van WidenfeltPSYC 307-100Nov. 18, 2015Agenda for unit on AdolescenceCovers chapters 14-16Puberty, Physical changesBrain DevelopmentCognitive Development - Piaget, Formal Op.Identity DevelopmentSocial-emotional DevelopmentEating disorders, depression, substance abuse, behavior problemsPhysical development, con’t.Hormones Are powerful chemical substances.Secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.Secretion of key hormones is controlled by the interaction of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads (sex glands – ovaries/ testicles).Hormones Two classes of hormones that have significantly different concentrations in males & femalesAndrogens – are the main class of males sex hormones.Estrogens – are the main class of female hormones.Hormones Testosterone is an androgen that is key in the development of puberty in boys.External genitals enlargeHeight increasesVoice changes--Secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.Estradiol is an estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development.Breast & uterine development takes placeSkeletal changes occur--Females produce more estradiol than males do.HormonesHormones important during pubertyThey are not new, are same hormones that were there in the fetusInfluences growth throughout life courseWhat is different is the amount and effectSee high levels during puberty that are normal to trigger changes in puberty but then go down againIf stayed high then see disorders/disease, but in adolescence creates maturationBrain DevelopmentReceptors in hypothalamusWere there since birthSet at high set-point during childhood so don’t get ‘activated’ During puberty set-point gets lowered so now 5 x as sensitive Sets off puberty, gets activated, sends hormonal signalcontinuedthere is then activation, releasing hormonesPituitary gland gets activated , releases hormonesOvaries get stimulated to put out estrogen into bloodEstrogen level rises till high enough Estrogen receptors in breasts (males and females)Estrogen receptors in vaginaPituitary glandGland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing hormonesthat regulate growth and control other glands, Ie adrenal and sex glands.Biological Sequence of PubertyPuberty begins with a hormonal signal from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. The pituitary, in turn, signals the adrenal glands and the ovaries or testes to produce more of their hormones.Adrenal glandsTwo glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones including the “stress hormones” epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.Sleep in adolescenceAdolescents’ biological clocks undergo a hormonal phase shift as they get older. •Melatonin, a hormone that prepares the body for sleep, is secreted an hour later in older adolescents than in younger adolescents.•early school starting times can result in grogginess and lack of attention in class and poor performance on tests.Sleep in adolescence•Adolescents sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes when given the opportunity to sleep as long as they like.•Most adolescents get considerably less sleep which creates sleep debt.•Older adolescents are often more sleepy during the day than are younger adolescents.Dreaming and Learning?This graph shows of U.S. students who, once a week or more, fall asleep in class or are too tired to exercise. Not shown are those who are too tired overall (59 percent for high school students) or who doze in class “almost every day” (8 percent).What percentage of teens are having sexual intercourse?Sexual MaturationSexual MaturationProblems associated with are less problematic than in earlier decades-Decreased teen births in every nation-Rise in use of protection-Decrease in teen abortion rateFilm clip BrazilSexually active teensWorldwide, sexually active teenagers have higher rates of most common STIs.Related to-Early age of first intercourse-Failure to use condomsBrain development, TED talkshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zVS8HIPUngSara Jayne Blakemore, TED14 minutes (2012)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWUkW4s3XxYAdriana Galvan: Insight into the teenage brain (speaking to youth; TED)10 minutes (2013)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzT_SBl31-sDr. Jill Bolte Taylor16 min (2013)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OkOQhXhsIEKate Simonds, I’m Seventeen14 min,
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