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TAMU PSYC 307 - 13 - Adolescence Physical Development (2)

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Developmental PsychologyAgenda for unit on AdolescencePhysical development, con’t.HormonesHormonesSlide 6HormonesBrain DevelopmentcontinuedPituitary glandBiological Sequence of PubertyAdrenal glandsSleep in adolescenceSleep in adolescenceDreaming and Learning?PowerPoint PresentationSexual MaturationSlide 18Sexually active teensBrain development, TED talksDr. van WidenfeltPSYC 307-100Nov. 18, 2015Agenda for unit on AdolescenceCovers chapters 14-16Puberty, Physical changesBrain DevelopmentCognitive Development - Piaget, Formal Op.Identity DevelopmentSocial-emotional DevelopmentEating disorders, depression, substance abuse, behavior problemsPhysical development, con’t.Hormones Are powerful chemical substances.Secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.Secretion of key hormones is controlled by the interaction of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads (sex glands – ovaries/ testicles).Hormones Two classes of hormones that have significantly different concentrations in males & femalesAndrogens – are the main class of males sex hormones.Estrogens – are the main class of female hormones.Hormones Testosterone is an androgen that is key in the development of puberty in boys.External genitals enlargeHeight increasesVoice changes--Secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.Estradiol is an estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development.Breast & uterine development takes placeSkeletal changes occur--Females produce more estradiol than males do.HormonesHormones important during pubertyThey are not new, are same hormones that were there in the fetusInfluences growth throughout life courseWhat is different is the amount and effectSee high levels during puberty that are normal to trigger changes in puberty but then go down againIf stayed high then see disorders/disease, but in adolescence creates maturationBrain DevelopmentReceptors in hypothalamusWere there since birthSet at high set-point during childhood so don’t get ‘activated’ During puberty set-point gets lowered so now 5 x as sensitive Sets off puberty, gets activated, sends hormonal signalcontinuedthere is then activation, releasing hormonesPituitary gland gets activated , releases hormonesOvaries get stimulated to put out estrogen into bloodEstrogen level rises till high enough Estrogen receptors in breasts (males and females)Estrogen receptors in vaginaPituitary glandGland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing hormonesthat regulate growth and control other glands, Ie adrenal and sex glands.Biological Sequence of PubertyPuberty begins with a hormonal signal from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. The pituitary, in turn, signals the adrenal glands and the ovaries or testes to produce more of their hormones.Adrenal glandsTwo glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones including the “stress hormones” epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.Sleep in adolescenceAdolescents’ biological clocks undergo a hormonal phase shift as they get older. •Melatonin, a hormone that prepares the body for sleep, is secreted an hour later in older adolescents than in younger adolescents.•early school starting times can result in grogginess and lack of attention in class and poor performance on tests.Sleep in adolescence•Adolescents sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes when given the opportunity to sleep as long as they like.•Most adolescents get considerably less sleep which creates sleep debt.•Older adolescents are often more sleepy during the day than are younger adolescents.Dreaming and Learning?This graph shows of U.S. students who, once a week or more, fall asleep in class or are too tired to exercise. Not shown are those who are too tired overall (59 percent for high school students) or who doze in class “almost every day” (8 percent).What percentage of teens are having sexual intercourse?Sexual MaturationSexual MaturationProblems associated with are less problematic than in earlier decades-Decreased teen births in every nation-Rise in use of protection-Decrease in teen abortion rateFilm clip BrazilSexually active teensWorldwide, sexually active teenagers have higher rates of most common STIs.Related to-Early age of first intercourse-Failure to use condomsBrain development, TED talkshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zVS8HIPUngSara Jayne Blakemore, TED14 minutes (2012)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWUkW4s3XxYAdriana Galvan: Insight into the teenage brain (speaking to youth; TED)10 minutes (2013)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzT_SBl31-sDr. Jill Bolte Taylor16 min (2013)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OkOQhXhsIEKate Simonds, I’m Seventeen14 min,


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