Developmental PsychologyToday’s agenda: The mother and the BirthPregnancy for momPregnancy for mom: T or f?Average healthy weight gain*First Trimester 0-12 weeksFirst Trimester – prenatal visitsSecond Trimester 12-28 weeksSecond Trimester - prenatal visitsPre-Eclampsia (toxemia)Third TrimesterThird Trimester - prenatal visitsBirthPowerPoint PresentationLabor: The Process of Birth BeginsStage 1 – early labor phaseStage 1 – active labor phaseStage 1 – Transition phaseStage 2 – pushing & deliveryThe Pushing processEnding The Pushing processSlide 22A Normal, Uncomplicated BirthBirth!Slide 25You must have been a beautiful baby…or were you?The Newborn’s First MinutesThe Apgar ScaleApgar ScaleThe NewbornSlide 31What does the baby need?Stage 3 – delivery of placentaDevelopmental PsychologyDr. van WidenfeltPSYC 307-100September 11, 2015Today’s agenda: The mother and the BirthPregnancy for mom•MOM’s experience… well…Pregnancy for mom: T or f?•A fast fetal heart rate means you are having a girl.•Carrying your pregnancy “all out in front” means you are having a boy.•You shouldn’t dye your hair while you are pregnant.•Don’t jog while you are pregnant.•Having sex while you are pregnant will hurt the baby.•Women may have trouble concentrating in the first 3 months of pregnancy.•Pregnant women have a special glow.Average healthy weight gain*baby 7.5 poundsmaternal energy stores(fat, protein, and other nutrients) 7 poundsfluid volume 4 poundsbreast enlargement 2 poundsuterus 2 poundsamniotic fluid 2 poundsplacenta 1.5 pounds*March of DimesFirst Trimester 0-12 weeks•= to zygotic and embryonic stages, early fetal stage•Early signs and symptoms#1 = Missing a period/spotting only•Hormone surges cause mood swings, headache, and irritability •Progesterone causes tiredness, indigestion•Estrogen causes breast tenderness, darkening of nipples, upset stomach, cravings or aversions•Weight gain or lossAdvice:•Eat small, frequent meals, get more sleep, •get emotional support from friends and familyFirst Trimester – prenatal visits–Set preliminary due date –Urine/blood screening tests •Test for Rh factor compatibility•alpha-fetoprotein screening (AFP – 20% error rate) or triple screen–neural tube defects , such as spina bifida–Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities–twins –Abnormal results should be followed up with more tests –Discuss appropriate weight gain (25-35 lbs for normal BMI), nutrition, prenatal vitamins, fluid intake, job risksSecond Trimester 12-28 weeks •Usually easier than 1st, but changes continue: –Body aches as uterus and ligaments stretch–Stretch marks on abdomen, •Ie breasts, thighs, and buttocks –Linea nigra (~75%)–Swelling and itching, •ie ankles, fingers, face–Varicose veins, hemorrhoids–Bleeding gums and nosebleedsSecond Trimester - prenatal visits•Discuss current symptoms or discomforts•Mother's weight and blood pressure•Growth, size, and development of the fetus and uterus•Fetal heartbeat•ultrasound at ~20 weeks (due date, physical status)•>35 offered amniocentesis for genetic studies and Down’s•Urine tests to detect problems–Sugar may indicate hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes–albumin (a protein) may indicate preeclampsia/toxemiaPre-Eclampsia (toxemia)•The most common seriously dangerous pregnancy complication (3%)–Sudden spike in maternal blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy–Certain placental substances appear to generate an immune reaction in mother–Less common in second pregnancies or with paternity change–Causes liver and kidney damage in mom, stroke, seizures, death if untreated•Anoxia, brain damage, death in fetus–Only treatment is delivery of the placentaThird Trimester•Physically and emotionally exhausting–Continued breast heaviness and weight gain–heavier vaginal discharge–Facial hair and skin darkening–Backaches increase as pelvic joints stretch–Increased skin and basal temperatures–Compression causes •shortness of breath, heartburn, frequent urination/constipation, varicose veins, hemorrhoids–Braxton Hicks contractions•Weak, uncomfortable, irregular, “warm-ups”Third Trimester - prenatal visits•Every 2 weeks, then weekly during the last month•Continue monitoring mom’s discomforts, weight and blood pressure, fetal heartbeat and movements•Vaginal exams for baby’s size and position•Cervical exams for dilation and effacement•Vaginal and anal swabs for group B streptococcus•Continued urine tests for toxemia and hyperglycemia•Discuss labor and delivery options and proceduresBirthFetal brain signals the release of hormones to trigger the female's uterine muscles.•Labor begins–Average duration for firstborn babies: 12 hours–Quicker labor for later-born babies•Birthing positions vary–Sitting, squatting, lying down, water births–Cultural and personal preferenceLabor: Process of birth beginsLO1 How would you explain the normal processof labor?LO1 How would you explain the normal processof labor?Labor: The Processof Birth BeginsLabor proceeds in three stagesStage 1 – early labor phase •Duration is typically 8-12 hours •Cervix will efface (thin) and dilate (stretch) to 3 cm - about the size of a quarter•Short, mild contractions with a few minutes to rest between•Water may break at any time in stage 1Stage 1 – active labor phase•Duration is usually 3-5 hours•Cervix will dilate from 4cm to 7cm (size of a small lime)•Contractions last about a minute with 3-5 minutes rest in between•Contractions are stronger and last longer than early labor•Time to head to the hospital or birth centerStage 1 – Transition phase•Think “one contraction at a time”•Duration is usually ~30 min-2 hrs•Cervix will dilate to ~10cm (like a small grapefruit) •Contractions last ~60-90 sec with a minute or less between•Contractions are long, strong, intense, and may overlap•Can expect severe pain•Need to announce when cannot resist the urge to push•May experience hot flashes, chills, nausea, vomiting, gas, urination, bowel movementStage 2 – pushing & delivery•Usually lasts ~20 min to 2 hours •Contractions last ~1min and come one after another•Overpowering urge to push•Painful pressure at your rectum •Baby's head will eventually crown (become visible)•Woman will feel a burning, stinging sensation during crowning, “the ring of fire”The Pushing