Developmental Psychology Dr van Widenfelt PSYC 307 100 September 11 2015 Today s agenda The mother and the Birth Pregnancy for mom MOM s experience well Pregnancy for mom T or f A fast fetal heart rate means you are having a girl Carrying your pregnancy all out in front means you are having a boy You shouldn t dye your hair while you are pregnant Don t jog while you are pregnant Having sex while you are pregnant will hurt the baby Women may have trouble concentrating in the first 3 months of pregnancy Pregnant women have a special glow Average healthy weight gain baby 7 5 pounds maternal energy stores fat protein and other nutrients 7 pounds fluid volume 4 pounds breast enlargement 2 pounds uterus 2 pounds amniotic fluid 2 pounds placenta 1 5 pounds March of Dimes First Trimester 0 12 weeks to zygotic and embryonic stages early fetal stage Early signs and symptoms 1 Missing a period spotting only Hormone surges cause mood swings headache and irritability Progesterone causes tiredness indigestion Estrogen causes breast tenderness darkening of nipples upset stomach cravings or aversions Weight gain or loss Advice Eat small frequent meals get more sleep get emotional support from friends and family First Trimester prenatal visits Set preliminary due date Urine blood screening tests Test for Rh factor compatibility alpha fetoprotein screening AFP 20 error rate or triple screen neural tube defects such as spina bifida Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities twins Abnormal results should be followed up with more tests Discuss appropriate weight gain 25 35 lbs for normal BMI nutrition prenatal vitamins fluid intake job risks Second Trimester 12 28 weeks Usually easier than 1st but changes continue Body aches as uterus and ligaments stretch Stretch marks on abdomen Ie breasts thighs and buttocks Linea nigra 75 Swelling and itching ie ankles fingers face Varicose veins hemorrhoids Bleeding gums and nosebleeds Second Trimester prenatal visits Discuss current symptoms or discomforts Mother s weight and blood pressure Growth size and development of the fetus and uterus Fetal heartbeat ultrasound at 20 weeks due date physical status 35 offered amniocentesis for genetic studies and Down s Urine tests to detect problems Sugar may indicate hyperglycemia gestational diabetes albumin a protein may indicate preeclampsia toxemia Pre Eclampsia toxemia The most common seriously dangerous pregnancy complication 3 Sudden spike in maternal blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy Certain placental substances appear to generate an immune reaction in mother Less common in second pregnancies or with paternity change Causes liver and kidney damage in mom stroke seizures death if untreated Anoxia brain damage death in fetus Only treatment is delivery of the placenta Third Trimester Physically and emotionally exhausting Continued breast heaviness and weight gain heavier vaginal discharge Facial hair and skin darkening Backaches increase as pelvic joints stretch Increased skin and basal temperatures Compression causes shortness of breath heartburn frequent urination constipation varicose veins hemorrhoids Braxton Hicks contractions Weak uncomfortable irregular warm ups Third Trimester prenatal visits Every 2 weeks then weekly during the last month Continue monitoring mom s discomforts weight and blood pressure fetal heartbeat and movements Vaginal exams for baby s size and position Cervical exams for dilation and effacement Vaginal and anal swabs for group B streptococcus Continued urine tests for toxemia and hyperglycemia Discuss labor and delivery options and procedures Birth Fetal brain signals the release of hormones to trigger the female s uterine muscles Labor begins Average duration for firstborn babies 12 hours Quicker labor for later born babies Birthing positions vary Sitting squatting lying down water births Cultural and personal preference LO1 How would you explain the normal process of labor Labor Process of birth begins Labor The Process of Birth Begins Labor proceeds in three stages Stage 1 early labor phase Duration is typically 8 12 hours Cervix will efface thin and dilate stretch to 3 cm about the size of a quarter Short mild contractions with a few minutes to rest between Water may break at any time in stage 1 Stage 1 active labor phase Duration is usually 3 5 hours Cervix will dilate from 4cm to 7cm size of a small lime Contractions last about a minute with 3 5 minutes rest in between Contractions are stronger and last longer than early labor Time to head to the hospital or birth center Stage 1 Transition phase Think one contraction at a time Duration is usually 30 min 2 hrs Cervix will dilate to 10cm like a small grapefruit Contractions last 60 90 sec with a minute or less between Contractions are long strong intense and may overlap Can expect severe pain Need to announce when cannot resist the urge to push May experience hot flashes chills nausea vomiting gas urination bowel movement Stage 2 pushing delivery Usually lasts 20 min to 2 hours Contractions last 1min and come one after another Overpowering urge to push Painful pressure at your rectum Baby s head will eventually crown become visible Woman will feel a burning stinging sensation during crowning the ring of fire The Pushing process Need to relax pelvic floor and anal area Kegel exercises might help Rest deep breaths between contractions Can use a mirror to see your progress Use all energy to push baby s head sometimes emerges and then slips back in this process can be two steps forward and one step back Push and stop pushing as instructed by provider Ending The Pushing process Pant through the contractions incorrect pushing can cause increased tearing of your vaginal and rectal tissue Episiotomy formerly common during childbirth to assist in delivery Surgical incision from bottom of vagina to anus No longer recommended in US because of increased risk of infection Vaginal tearing is common Birth A Normal Uncomplicated Birth Birth 38 42 weeks normal range due date is at the end of 40th week What typically happens to the neonate in the moments immediately following birth Birth from fetus to neonate The exact moment of birth occurs when the fetus emerges fully from its mother s body In most cases babies automatically use lungs to breathe air You must have been a beautiful baby or were you Vernix white waxy substance that covers the skin of the fetus and newborn Lanugo downy hair on the body of the fetus and newborn Swollen