Developmental PsychologyBabies September 30 & OCT 2Today (and Friday)Infant (and Toddler) Emotional DevelopmentWhat are the functions of emotions?Slide 6Ages When Emotions EmergeSmiling and laughingAnger and SadnessFear and AnxietyToddler Emotional DevelopmentEmotion RegulationEmotional DevelopmentSelf-awarenessSlide 15Slide 16Mirror recognitionTemperamentThe 9 Temperament Traits -identified 9 temperamental traits: Classic child development research conducted by Chess and ThomasActivity Level: Distractibility: Intensity: Sensory Threshold: Regularity: Approach/Withdrawal: Adaptability: Persistence: Mood: New York Longitudinal StudyJerome KaganYour temperament?Development of Social BondsHarlow’s monkeysHistory of attachment theoryDevelopment of Social Bonds: Attachment TypesSlide 36PowerPoint PresentationDevelopment of Social Bonds: Measuring AttachmentThe strange situation DUTCHWhat makes attachment easy or difficult?Slide 41Slide 42Development of Social Bonds: Insecure Attachment and Social SettingSlide 44Development of Social Bonds: Stages of AttachmentDevelopment of Social Bonds: Insights from RomaniacontinuedCare settings for infantsInfant Care by othersChild policiesTypes of Non-maternal CareWhat are the important qualities of care?Slide 53Variety of research outcomes on Effects of Infant Day CareEffects of Infant Day CareGood luck reading the three chapters for this unit!Dr. van WidenfeltPSYC 307-100Fall, 2015Today and Friday: Social Emotional development of infant in 1st 2 yearsFriday also: review of infant development to prepare for examMonday: Test on the 3 chapters and 3 lecturesEC Assignment 2 will be on e-campus journal section tomorrowToday (and Friday)-Infant (and Toddler) Emotional DevelopmentEmotional Regulation-Self Awareness-Temperament-Attachment-Day CareInfant (and Toddler) Emotional DevelopmentWhat are the functions of emotions?What are the functions of emotions?CommunicationBuilding social relationshipsSource of pleasure and painAges When Emotions EmergeSmiling and laughing•Social smile (6 weeks): Evoked by viewing human faces•Laughter (3 to 4 months): Often associated with curiosity•Pleasure and Surprise (4-8 months)Anger and SadnessAngerFirst expressed at around 6 monthsA response to frustrationSadnessAppears in first monthsIs stressful experience for infantsFear and AnxietyFearEmerges at about 9 months in response to people, things, or situationsStranger warinessinfant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves too closeSeparation anxietyTears, dismay, or anger occur when a familiar caregiver leaves (= normal)When a concern? If it remains very strong after age 3, it may be a symptom of an emotional or developmental disorderToddler Emotional DevelopmentToddlers emotions•Laughing and crying become louder and more discriminating.•Anger and fear become less frequent and more focused. •Temper tantrums may appear. ‘terrible twos’New emotions •Pride•Shame•Embarrassment•Disgust•Guilt•By age 2, most toddlers display entire spectrum of emotions and begin to regulate their reactions.Emotion RegulationLearns to initiate and inhibit and modulate internal feeling statesInfant uses information about others’ emotional expression to regulate themselvesAn interactional sychrony between mother and infant gets establishedTurn takingIf mother fails to respond, infant shows distressEmotional Development1-12 mos expresses interest, distress, fear, anxiety, anger12-24 months uses words to describe emotions, regulates emotions, display more emotions like guilt and shame3-4 years can understand cause and effect of emotions (ie can use a calculated tantrum!)Self-awarenessSelf-awareness•Person's realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people.•At 18 months, he is at the beginning of self-awareness, testing to see whether his mirror image will meet his fingerSelf-awarenessFirst 4 months•Infants have no sense of self and may see themselves as part of their mothers.5 months•Infants begin to develop an awareness of themselves as separate from their mothers.15-18 months•Emergence of the Me-self•Sense of self as the “object of one's knowledge”Mirror recognition•Classic experiment (M. Lewis & Brooks, 1978)•Babies aged 9–24 months looked into a mirror after a dot of rouge had been put on their noses.•None of the babies younger than 12 months old reacted as if they knew the mark was on them.•15- to 24-month-olds showed self-awareness by touching their own noses with curiosityTemperamentInborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulationOrganizes the child’s approach to the worldTemperament is epigenetic, originating in the genes but affected by child-rearing practicesThe 9 Temperament Traits-identified 9 temperamental traits:Classic child development research conducted by Chess and ThomasActivity Level:" This is the child's speed or how active the child is generally.JDoes the infant always wiggle, more squirm?J Is the infant difficult to diaper because of this?J Is the child always on the go?J Or, does the child prefer sedentary quiet activities?JDistractibility:" The degree of concentration and paying attention displayed when a child is not particularly interested in an activity.J Is the infant easily distracted by sounds or sights while drinking a bottle?J Is the infant easily soothed when upset by being offered alternate activity?J Does the child become sidetracked easily when attempting to follow routine or working on some activity?JIntensity:" ReactionsDoes the infant react strongly and loudly to everything, even relatively minor events?J Does the child show pleasure or upset strongly and dramatically?J Does the child just get quiet when upset?JSensory Threshold:J Related to how sensitive this child is to physical stimuli.J It is the amount of stimulation (sounds, tastes, touch, temperature changes) needed to produce a response in the child.J Does the child startle easily to sounds?J Is the child a picky eater or will he eat almost anything?JRegularity:J the predictability of biological functions like appetite and sleep.J Does the child get hungry or tired at predictable times?J Or, is the child unpredictable in terms of