September 16, 2015LIFE102StackLarge Biological Molecules Cont.Proteins Cont.- Lock and Key: when substrates fall into a perfectly sized active sight in an enzyme.o Shape matters- Fibrous Proteins are used for structureo Ie. cellulose- Denaturation: Proteins lose their “native” structure (normal structure)o Done with heato Ie. cook an egg- Renaturation: going bac, to “native” structureo Almost never occurs because native share is created while protein is being created- Types of proteino Enzymatic Protein: acceleration of selected chemical reactions Ie. digesting foodo Defensive Proteins: protect against disease Ie. antibodies deactivate disease/ virusesSeptember 16, 2015LIFE102Stacko Structural Proteins: support Ie. keratin, silk, collageno Storage Protein: storage of amino acids Ie. casein in milko Contractile/ Motor Proteins: movement  Ie. actin & myosin are responsible for muscles contractingo Transport Protein: transport substances Ie. hemoglobin transports oxygen in the bodyo Hormonal Proteins: coordinate an organisms activities  Ie. insulin causing tissue to take up glucoseo Receptor Proteins: respond to chemical stimuli of a cell Ie. receptors on the outside of nerve cellsNucleic Acid- Polynucleotideso Deoxyribose nucleotide (DNA)o Ribose nucleotide (RNA)- DNA: carries genetic code in an organismo Passed on to “daughter” cells from “mother” cells when theymultiplyo Passed down from parent to offspring o Genes: unit of inheritanceSeptember 16, 2015LIFE102Stack- DNA is comprised of…o These Sugars Deoxyribose (in DNA) Ribose (in RNA)o These nitrogenous bases Purines (occurs in DNA & RNA)- Adenine (A)- Guanine (G) Pyrimidines- Cytosine (C) (in RNA & DNA)- Thymine (T) (in DNA)- Uracil (U) (in RNA)- The order of bases determines the order of amino acids- DNA…o Forms in a double helixo Has a phosphate-sugar backboneo Base-pair(joined by hydrogen bonding)o Are antiparallel One backbone is 5’, the other is 3’o Each backbone is complementaryo Complementary U,A A,T G,C- RNA…o Uses DNA as a template tooo RNA Polymerase is responsible formaking a single protein strando Antistrand of DNA is the templateo RNA is always involved in making proteinSeptember 16, 2015LIFE102Stacko Sense strand has same DNA sequence as the RNA being madeo Same complementary