September 9, 2015LIFE102StackCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of LifeCarbon- Organic Molecules: carbon based moleculeso Generally forms four covalent bondso Ie. Methane; forms a tetrahedron Shows that carbon has shape- Double bonds form a flat shape- Forms a covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon the most - Carbon skeletons can vary in… *o Length o Shapeo Rings o Double bonds True with rings as well- Hydrocarbons: molecules that only consist of hydrogen and carbono Ie. Petroleum, membranes, far- Side chain/ group: can possibly effect molecules behavior- Functional group: change a molecules behavioro Ie. Testosterone, estradiol*blank line represents a bond with H**carbon atom bonded to four different elementsSeptember 9, 2015LIFE102Stack- Side groups/ Function groupsName Structure Acid/Base Charge Name ofMoleculesHydroxyl R-OH Neutral Partial + alcoholsCarbonyl R=O Neutral Partial - AldehydeCarboxyl R-COOH Acid - Carboxylic acidsAmino R-NH2 Base + AmineSulfhydryl R-SH Neutral Partial + ThiolPhosphate R-PO4 Acid - OrganicphosphatesMethyl R-CH3 Neutral None Methyl (…)- Isomers: have same molecular formulas but different structureso Structural isomers: differs in covalent partnerso Cis-trans (geometric) isomers: differs in double bonds Cis- similar element on same side Trans- similar element on opposite sideo Enantiomers (optical/chiral) isomers: asymmetric carbon** differs in element placement; mirror image Like your left and right hand Only one of the two are active (ie. Ibuprofen) *blank line represents a bond with H**carbon atom bonded to four different