August 31, 2015LIFE102StacksMore on ChemicalMore on Atoms- Isotopes share the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. o Unstable*=atomic reaction** Can be radioactiveChemical Reactions- Electrical neutrality: same number of electrons as there are neutrons.- Electrons are attracted to the nucleus. - The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the more potential energy it has.- Each shell contains one or more than one orbital- Orbital can carry two electrons- First shell has one orbital (1s orbital)- Second shell has four orbitals (2s orbitals), three 2p orbitals- Third shell has 3s orbitals, 3p orbitals, + more- Electrons fill from the insideo If a sell isn’t filled it will either lose the electrons or gain enough to fill the shell- Valence: the charge an atom has when it has satisfied (fill/empty) its outermost shell*neutron ejects an electron and becomes a proton to become stable**becomes a different elementEnergy absorbedEnergy lostAugust 31, 2015LIFE102Stackso Valence shell: the outermost shell in a reactiono Valence electrons: determine reaction- Inert Elements are those that are neutral (all shells are filled)- Electronegative: strong tendency to pick up electrons o <4- lost electronso >4- gain electronso =4- 50/50 chance in gaining or losing - Molecule: two or more atoms help together by covalent bonds- Covalent Bonds: two elements share an electron- Compound: association with two or more different elements- Ionic bonding: the elements involved become ions - Ions: Atom/molecule that carries one or more full electric chargeso Cation: ion with positive chargeo Anion: ion with negative charge*neutron ejects an electron and becomes a proton to become stable**becomes a different