UGC 211 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Needed material: PowerPoint Lectures available online, readings online and in textbook, video clipsfrom classHealthcare InequalitySystematic/Institutional Oppression Occurs when… o Established laws, customs, and practices systematically reflect and produce inequalities based on one’s membership in a targeted social identity (race, class, and gender) o If oppressive consequences accrue to institutional laws, customs, or practices the institution is oppressive whether or not the individuals maintaining those practices or living in that community have oppressive intentions o North American Free Trade Agreement – corn can be sold in Mexico for far less money, put out a lot of Mexican farmers business, causing mass migration of farm workers to US – idea that we don’t want Mexican people here and we’re going to build a fence – what we found is that these are these big signs saying come work for these “XYZ” farms – taking them to their big farms in the US – US Government would turn the other way because it makes money for the US economy.The local government and police officers would invade hobo camps, Mexicans working on farms,arrest, and put on news – quiets turmoil for a while. If they were really going to crack down, they would go after the big agriculture businesses. They are looking the other way so undocumented Mexican people can produce the corn.o No more investment by Mexican government in agriculture o Large increase in migration of Mexican farmers o Operation Gatekeeper o Sun-baked fields o Farmer workers are more likely to develop certain types of cancer after exposure to pesticides o Denial of basic rights o On average make 13,000 a year o Wouldn’t you expect a higher pay for your grueling hours of work under these circumstances? o Facotry farm o Growth promoting antibiotics o Tranport o Animal feed o Animal welfare o Terrible treatment of animals – abuseo What can you do? Become educated on farm worker issues and support worker unions. Refine your diet to include cruelty free food. Lend your voice to help protect farm animals from suffering. Know where your meat comes from o Monsanto Monopoly: a big company, started off producing pesticides (chemical you spray on plant to keep away bugs, make plant healthier, can also harm unions). Round-up (kill weeds). They developed a soybean seen (round-up resistant, you could spray it with it and it won’t kill soybean plant) – that chemical is going to permeate the plant (osmosis) – no matter how much you clean the plant. Cause remapping of our DNA, reprogramming of our genetic code. The Monsanto secretly test other people’s soy products, find Monsanto’s soybeans in other people’s These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.soil – crop pollination, wind. They decide to sue people whose farms have this. Many farmers don’t have the money to pay the legal fees – their farms go out of business or bulling them to buy Monsanto round up-resistant soybeans. o Moe Parr – cleaning his own seeds and reuse them. He was cleaning people’s who weren’t using the round-up resistant seeds but because of crop pollination and wind they were ending up on his farm – being sued. o Monsanto & GMO – never goes anywhere, they get off, don’t pay consequences or held accountable because many of the people that worked for Monsanto now work for the FDA and agriculture administration. o Current GMO crops – corn, canola, soybeans, cotton, sugar beets, alfalfa, Hawaiian papaya, zucchini, yellow squash o Many corn based products o We are told soy products are very good products for us o Soy products in Asia – not GMO. They are fermented o Soy products here are lacking stage before production – not fermented (fermentation makes soy healthy). Soy products are GMO – lots of chemicals.o GMO Risks: human health risks – allergies, antibiotic resistance, and cancer. Environmental concerns: increase in pollutants, harmful to other organisms. Risk to Organic farmers: Organic farms are contaminated with GMO and being sued for unlawfully growing GMO seed o More food, for more people o What is obesity? Obesity is easily diagnosed, however, very difficult to treat. It has many complex causes including genetic, biological, cultural, and even behavioral factors. Poor diet is one of the leading causes. High calories foods, fatty oils and high fructose corn syrup which appear more and more often attribute to rise in obesity. o We are hard-wired for three tastes – salt, fat, and sugar. They are very rare in nature. o At the beginning of the time we were struggling to obtain enough calories now the problem is toomany. o You can get a hamburger for 99 cents but can’t buy a head of broccoli for 99 cents…o Much of our food turns out to be clever rearrangements of corn o The stack food calories are the ones that come from the commodity crops (wheat, corn, soybeans)by making those calories cheap that’s one of the reasons that the biggest predictor of obesity is income level. o All that’s available in your neighborhood is what people are going to eat o Poor neighborhoods don’t have supermarkets or get stocked enough o Racial and ethnic differences in lifestyles and behavior as well as economic disadvantages account for the disparity in rates of obesity and obesity related diseases for people of different races and income o Obesity associated diseases such as hypertension and diabetes sre found at higher rates in minority races as opposed to Caucasians o Obesity of different racial/ethnic groups can appear in children as early as 4 years old o Native Americans (crops taken away) introduced to flour – make fried dough (come to believe this is part of their diet even though they have no historic routes) really bad for them o Poor households that struggle hard to afford high-quality food resort to substantial nutritional diets o Poor diets often are low in vitamins, minerals, fruits and vegetables o Food Insecurity – not going to have enough money to buy food o Poor diet affects overall health care – if you don’t have health care – exacerbating problem o Both physical and emotional problemso Type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, orthopedic problems, liver disease, asthma (also to poor quality of air) and even cancer can result from obesity o Largest consequence