UGC 211 1st Edition Lecture 4Defining OppressionWhat is Oppression? (Marilyn Frye Article)o Pressing down on something and molding into a certain image/wayo Unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power o Something that oppresses especially in being an unjust or excessive exercise of power o A sense of being weighed down in body or mind What is an Institution?o Religion: set rules to different religions o Institution of learningo Social systemso Churcho Mediao Business industry o Government – laws o Gemini – mainstream view o Fairly stable social arrangements and practices through which collective actions are takeno Institutional + Oppression = Institutional Oppression o We live in a society with lots of institutional oppression – create and control society (doesn’t mean all individuals in society agree) o The practice, not individuals, are being condemned o System of invisible barriers – limits people based on their membership in unfavorable social groups Militarization of Local Police o Trained using same tactics as military o Use of military vehicles o Resemble military operations – looks and actions o Returning veterans from overseas becoming police officers – “returning of standing army”o Is the way they’re dressing causing this tension? o Psychology has a lot to do with it o Need police oversight committees to handle this issue before it gets worse o Form of oppression o Militarization has taken away rights of free speech o Based on fear of what is going to happen – caused militarization Double Bind * (Good answer for short answer on test) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Situations in which options are reduced to a very few and all of them expose one to penalty, censure, or deprivation o Issues of how women are viewed Frye’s Metaphor for Oppression o Need to look macroscopically (BIG picture) not microscopically (small picture) o Shows the interconnectedness of oppression Rodney King & LA Riots (1992)o Routine pull over, suspected he had drugs o Beat up by police – brutalized o Police officers were not indicted British in the Americas o White Anglo-Saxon Jewish view Africans in the Americas o Without Africans, America wouldn’t have enough money for all industrialization o Free labor o Slaves created profits Asians in the Americas o Been here (America) for a long time o Stereotypes as “exotic” “heathen”o 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act o “Model Minority” Chicanos in America o Mexicans (huge population in US) o Of American descent o Immigrants and colonized o Been here for over 150 years o Controversy now with immigrationIrish in America o Called savages – starving, dirty, joblesso Tension between Irish and British o “Maids” of America – construction workers, factory operativeso They’re catholic o Body and blood – Christ (contributed to them being called savages)o Easier for them to blend in because of color of skin, spoke English, assimilated well into workforce o Jobs created respect – police force, fire fightersJews in America o Huge threat – educated o America represented Promised Land to themo Considered highly successful ethnic group *Race is a social