UGC 211 1st Edition Lecture 20First Wave Feminism o Started gaining momentum 19th early century 20th century o Abolition motivated (Grimke Sisters) – Sarah and Angelina (grew up wealthy to southern landowner, had slaves, most dramatic people of abolition movement, they lived with slaves and spoke up about how it’s wrong, disowned by family)o Homesteading o Focuses on legal issues, i.e. gaining women’s suffrage (Alice Hubbard) – part of Roycroft movement in East Aurora, started as commune in later 1800s a reaction to industrialization, furniture being crafted, think simple, appreciate,art, set up farms, art community. Alice was the wife of the founder – had mostof these ideas about equality, big suffrage, goats for women, feminism should both me male and female, went all over country speaking out feminism, killedin sinking of Lusitania Second Wave Feminism o Second wave feminism: 1960s -90s o Civil Rights motivated o Becomes part of anti-war, civil rights and student rights movements o Focuses on sexuality/reproductive rights, pushing Equal Rights Amendment o Radicals fought against objectification of women (Gloria Steinem – started Miss Magazine, went undercover to be a playboy bunny – see how they were treated (revealed in it an exploitation called “Show”, waiters dressed like bunnies) o Women push to work outside the home (Betty Freidan – college educated, married, had baby, bored, wanted to work but no one would hire her, wrote a book “Feminine Mystique” – launched second wave of mechanism o Pre birth control pills o 70s-80s women going back to work Third Wave Feminism o Began in mid 1990s (Rebecca Walker – daughter of Alice Walker, coined phrase when senior in college) o Initially about beauty industry, body image, media, sexuality, health, gender, LGBT community o It has evolved to be “define” your own feminism o To be more inclusive of men Do women have Equal Rights by law in the US? o Yes and noo Title Nine – passed in 1972, prior to that no women’s sports o Row vs. Wade – right to have an abortion, 1973, women were having illegal abortions prior o Laws about domestic violence – 90% are women o Women can divorce o Women are not in the Equal Rights Amendment – comes up in Congress but never has been asked o Girls can join sports team if there is no alternative for the girl o Equal Pay Act of 1963 o Combat Ban lifted Issue: Women & Work o 76% of public school teachers are female, 13% of engineers and 6.5% of neurosurgeons o Women continue to be pushed into certain fields or fields within fields o Initially women graduates of business school earn same as men o After 10 to 16 years, they earn 45% less Why does this happen? o The pay gap has barely budged in a decade. In 2013, among full-time, year-round workers, women were paid 78 percent of what men were paid. o Women in every state experiences the pay gap o Pay gap is worse for women of color – mostly Hispanicso Women face a pay gap in nearly every occupation. Women are paid less than men in female-dominated, gender balanced, and male-dominated occupationso Pay gap grows with age o While more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings, it is not as effective tool against the gender pay gap. o The pay gap also exists among women without children. o Men who have children get a pay boost – Fatherhood bonus (shows he’s responsible and has to supply for child) vs. Motherhood