Psych 325 1st Edition Lecture 22Tuesday, April 28, 2015Chapter 9: Choosing the Right Research Design-In a field as complex as psychology, some very serious difficulties can arise in the application of the experimental method-Design for DummiesoAll research starts with a question-Addresses cause and effect-Needs to be concrete and specific-Needs to make explicit predictionsoWhat is experimental design?-Structuring a study to answer that question-Choosing conditions and levels of an IVoGoal is to create a study that is unambiguous, informative, and unbiased-Experimental Design Done RightoThink things through-Think through every design issue-Critically evaluate everything-What are potential problems?oAnticipate your results-Success? What are other interpretations-Failure? What does it mean-Adjust design accordinglyoBe flexible in the design you choose-Rules aren't set in stone-Every research question is unique-Control groupsoControl participants should do exactly what experimental subjects do-Same time commitment-Same information and instructions-Same activities or very similar activities-Should interact with same peopleoDifficulties-Because some IV's are complex, you may not be able to find similar procedures-If you fail to achieve similarity, serious threat to ability to interpret the findings-Between-Subjects DesignoEach condition has a different group of people -Advantage: no carry-over effectsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Problem: low statistical powerLess efficient than within subjectsGroup differences produce noise-Problem: if random assignment fails, you may introduce a confoundoHow do address these problems-Use large sample sizes-Measure any subject variable that could be a confound-One-Way DesignoOne independent variableoOne-way, two groups design-One IV-Two levelsIndependent Variable Dependent VariableHigh arousal: adult scene ---------> # of condom referencesLow arousal: fishing scene ---------> # of condom references oOne-way, multiple groups design-One IV-IV has three or more levels Independent Variable Dependent VariableHigh arousal: adult scene ---------> # of condom referencesModerate arousal: dating scene from "Friends"----------> # of condom referencesLow arousal: fishing scene -----------> # of condom
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