Psych 325 1st Edition Lecture 8 Current LecturePart 2: An Introduction to Psychological Measurement-Different types of measuresoVerbal-Verbal responsei.e. self-esteem scaleoBehavioral-Real behaviori.e. avoiding someoneDirect observation of someone's behavioroBehavioroid-Participant reports on own behaviori.e. condom useCocaine useoPhysiological-Biological processesi.e. brain imaging-The properties of measurement scalesoDifference between scales are important-Comparing loneliness: if many participants are on one end of the spectrum and none on the other, you cannot use this because there must be differences to allow comparisonoMagnitude of attributesoEqual intervals between magnitudes of attributes-Self-report survey scale (1-5)-Think of a ruleroTrue zero -Types of scalesoNominal-License plate number Only person that has that number, therefore it is a category-Male or femaleIn order for SPSS to recognize "male or female," we must assign each a number-Arbitrary numbering -Social security numberNo logical mathematical relevance -Personality traits: optimistic and pessimistic These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Can't be both, must be one or the other-Marital statusSingle, divorced, married, etc.-Hair color-Race -DSM coding system780.52 Sleep Disorder-Insomnia780.54 Sleep Disorder-Hypersomnia-OrdinaloHeight-Based on rank order-Equal intervals do not make sense here-Differences between corresponding heights aren't equaloBirth order-First born(1990), second born(1992), third born(1999), etc.oFavorite pet order-Dog, cat, fox, fishoYear in school-Senior, junior, sophomore, freshmanoFinishers in a raceoFavorite brand of computer-IntervaloTemperature (F)-There is no such thing as zero temperature-Based on equal intervalsoIQoACT scoreoChange in a subjective score (depression)-Before therapy=9-After therapy=2 much lower, change in depression score is 7 points-Another patient-Before=9-After=9 change In depression is 0, but that does not mean no depression existsoZero is not a true zerooAnxiety scalesoWeight loss-RatiooMultiplication and division are okayoHeight: someone twice as tall as someone elseoReaction time to a noel stimulusoYearly income in dollarsPart 3: Reliability-Are your measures consistent?-ReliabilityoAn assessment of -Consistency-RepeatabilityoIf what it measures doesn't change, a perfect measure gives same score every time-Too much variability=erroroTypes of reliability -Inner-observerDifferent people agree-Internal consistencyAgrees with itself-Temporal consistencySimilar scores at two time points-Inter-observer Reliability-Structured Interview-Hostility taskoA driver in front of you is going too slowly in terms of the minimum speed limit, what would you do about it?-Patient A: "Well I'm usually a patient person, so I'd wait and pass them."-Patient B: same but hostile nonverbal inflectionSame level of hostility because the content is the sameHostile: verbal irritation, direct challenge, hostile content, negative facialaffect, negative body language-Must observe and assess whether dimensions of hostility are important or not. -Inter-observer reliabilityoUsed whenever a score is based on a judge's observation-Study behavior or products of behavior (such as writing samples)-Criteria are established for judgesoDo different judges agree on an observation?-Agree means system is reliable-Failure to agree means…Criteria aren't specific enoughJudges aren't trained well