Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect its content ofa. folate.b.thiamin.c. vitamin A.d.riboflavinWhich of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?a. B vitamins are a source of kilocaloriesb.Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreasedc. Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported to the cellsAll of the following vitamins are important in maintaining blood health EXCEPT? a. panothenic acid b. B6c. Folate d. B12e. vitamin KThe coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?a. Niacinb.Cholinec. Thiamind.RiboflavinIn what capacity does vitamin C function?a. Coenzyme for energy releaseb.Cofactor in collagen formationc. Cofactor with calcium in blood coagulationd.Coenzyme in the formation of red blood cellsWhich of the following is a feature of phosphorus in nutrition?a. Rich sources include fresh vegetablesb.Dietary deficiencies are virtually unknownc. Absorption is known to be reduced by soft drink consumption d.Its participation in bone synthesis requires equivalent intake of dietary calciumWhich of the following is NOT among the factors required for efficient dietary absorption of vitamin B12?a. Pepsinb.Intrinsic factorc. Hydrochloric acidd.Mucosal cobalaminaseMagnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPTa. blood clotting.b.muscle contraction.c. prevention of dental caries.d.production of red blood cellsSulfur is present in practically alla. vitamins.b.proteins.c. fatty acids.d.carbohydratesIf this vitamin is missing from the body, every amino acid would become an essential amino acid? It is_a. B12 b. niacin c. thiamine d. B6What animal can have a vitamin C deficiency except humansa. guinea pigs b. ratsc. dogs d. pigs Which of the following is NOT TRUE about folate? a. it is important in one carbon metabolism b. its’primary form is tetrahydrafolate c. it is a target of some anticancer drugs d. it is used effectively for weight loss Which of the following vitamins critical in the TCA cycle carries activated carbon dioxide?a. biotin b. riboflavin c. niacind. vitamin BThe strongest predictor for loss of bone density is a person’sa. sex.b.age.c. calcium intake.d.blood estrogen level.Among the following calcium supplements, which is most calcium-dense?a. Calcium citrateb.Calcium lactatec. Calcium carbonated.Calcium gluconate Which of the following regulates the level of calcium in the blood?a. Dietary intake of calciumb.Glucagon and epinephrinec. Dietary intake of phosphorusd.Parathyroid hormone and calcitoninWhat nutrient is widespread in foods; easily destroyed by freezing,canning and refining and is part of Coenzyme A? a. Panothenic acidb. Vitamin Ac. Biotind. Vitamin C Sam has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure. His doctor recommended adopting the DASHdiet plan. Along with including more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, he was also advised to reduce daily sodium intake to no more than 2000 mg. How much salt (g) would be allowed under Sam’s restriction?a. 5b.6.5c. 8d.9.5When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?a. Not absorbedb.Excreted primarily in the urinec. Excreted primarily in the fecesd.Stored in liver, bone, and adipose tissueSquash, soybeans, and artichoke are excellent sources of this mineral which is important in muscle contraction and can help decrease blood pressure.a. Potassiumb.Sodiumc. Calciumd.ChlorideWhat pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water?a. Thyroxine b.Cortisonec. Epinephrine d.Antidiuretic hormoneThe normal blood pH range is approximatelya. 6.80-7.15.b. 6.98-7.12.c. 7.35-7.45.d. 7.55-8.55.A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems EXCEPT a. skin. b. skeletal system. c. nervous system. d. gastrointestinal tract. A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either a. riboflavin or niacin. b. vitamin B12 or folate. c. thiamin or riboflavin. d. vitamin B6 or vitamin B12. Beriberi may occur in a wet form (with edema) or a dry form (with muscle wasting) and results from a deficiency of a. niacin. b. thiamin. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin B12. If a dietary supplement poses a significant risk of illness to consumers, what agency must prove harm before removing the product from the market? a. FDA b. CDC c. USDA d. USPHS In the United States, what is the adult RDA for vitamin C? a. 10-20 mg b. 50-60 mg c. 75-90 mg d. 100-135 mg Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12? a. Pecans b. Hot dog c. Cauliflower d. Whole-grain breadPeople who smoke require additional vitamin C in the amount of a. 5 mg. b. 35 mg. c. 100 mg. d. 200 mg. Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of a. folate. b. selenium. c. vitamin B12. d. iron and copper. Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to a. heat. b. acid. c. alkali. d. ultraviolet light. What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins? a. Bile b. Kidney c. Intestine d. Perspiration Which of the following is most likely to occur from a prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin A?a. Osteomalaciab. Osteoporosisc. Xerophthalmiad. Prolonged blood-clotting timeWhat term identifies the characteristic tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid? a. Niacin flush b. NAD dermatitis c. Niacin erythrema d. Bilateral symmetrical dermatitis Which of the following contains the highest concentration of thiamin in muscle tissue? a. Pig b. Fish c. Steer d. Chicken A protein that binds with biotin (thus inhibiting absorption) is found in which food? a. Aged wine b. Aged cheese c. Raw egg whites d. Raw cauliflower Which of the following properties is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes? a. Unstable to irradiation b. Unstable to metal cooking utensils c. Acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms d. Acceptance and transfer of carboxyl groups All of the following are characteristics of vitamin D nutrition EXCEPT a. deficient intake may lead to altered bone composition. b. excessive intake may lead to mineral deposits in the kidneys. c. fortified milk is the major dietary source in the U.S. population. d. the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun. How many different forms of vitamin A are active in the body? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5 In what chief capacity does vitamin K function? a. Blood clotting b. Energy metabolism c. Calcium utilization d. Epithelial tissue