UGC 211 1st Edition Lecture 20 First Wave Feminism o Started gaining momentum 19th early century 20th century o Abolition motivated Grimke Sisters Sarah and Angelina grew up wealthy to southern landowner had slaves most dramatic people of abolition movement they lived with slaves and spoke up about how it s wrong disowned by family o Homesteading o Focuses on legal issues i e gaining women s suffrage Alice Hubbard part of Roycroft movement in East Aurora started as commune in later 1800s a reaction to industrialization furniture being crafted think simple appreciate art set up farms art community Alice was the wife of the founder had most of these ideas about equality big suffrage goats for women feminism should both me male and female went all over country speaking out feminism killed in sinking of Lusitania Second Wave Feminism o Second wave feminism 1960s 90s o Civil Rights motivated o Becomes part of anti war civil rights and student rights movements o Focuses on sexuality reproductive rights pushing Equal Rights Amendment o Radicals fought against objectification of women Gloria Steinem started Miss Magazine went undercover to be a playboy bunny see how they were treated revealed in it an exploitation called Show waiters dressed like bunnies o Women push to work outside the home Betty Freidan college educated married had baby bored wanted to work but no one would hire her wrote a book Feminine Mystique launched second wave of mechanism o Pre birth control pills o 70s 80s women going back to work Third Wave Feminism o Began in mid 1990s Rebecca Walker daughter of Alice Walker coined phrase when senior in college o Initially about beauty industry body image media sexuality health gender LGBT community o It has evolved to be define your own feminism o To be more inclusive of men Do women have Equal Rights by law in the US o Yes and no o Title Nine passed in 1972 prior to that no women s sports o Row vs Wade right to have an abortion 1973 women were having illegal abortions prior o Laws about domestic violence 90 are women o Women can divorce o Women are not in the Equal Rights Amendment comes up in Congress but never has been asked o Girls can join sports team if there is no alternative for the girl o Equal Pay Act of 1963 o Combat Ban lifted Issue Women Work o 76 of public school teachers are female 13 of engineers and 6 5 of neurosurgeons o Women continue to be pushed into certain fields or fields within fields o Initially women graduates of business school earn same as men o After 10 to 16 years they earn 45 less Why does this happen o The pay gap has barely budged in a decade In 2013 among full time yearround workers women were paid 78 percent of what men were paid o Women in every state experiences the pay gap o Pay gap is worse for women of color mostly Hispanics o Women face a pay gap in nearly every occupation Women are paid less than men in female dominated gender balanced and male dominated occupations o Pay gap grows with age o While more education is an effective tool for increasing earnings it is not as effective tool against the gender pay gap o The pay gap also exists among women without children o Men who have children get a pay boost Fatherhood bonus shows he s responsible and has to supply for child vs Motherhood penalty