SOCIO 211 1st Edition Lecture 17I. Ethnicity and racea. Race literacy i. Skills taught to children of multiracial families to help them cope with racial hierarchies and to integrate multiple ethnic identities b. Ethnicity i. Cultural values and norms that distinguish the members of a given group from othersii. An ethnic group is one whose members share a distinct awareness of a common cultural identity, separating them fromother groupsiii. Race1. Differences in human physical characteristics used to categorize large numbers of individualsiv. Racialization1. The process by which understanding of race are used to classify individuals or groups of people 2. Can be institutionalized into exploitive political or economic systemsv. U.S. Census Bureau1. 1870: “White, Colored (Black and Multattoes), Chinese, and Indian”2. 1950: “white, black, and other”3. 1980: “white, black, Hispanic, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Vietnamese, American Indian, Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, eskimo, Aleut, and other”4. 2000: “mark one or more” =63 categories that when cross referenced with ethnic Hispanic categories= 126 possibly categories race/ethnicityvi. Minority group1. A group of people in a minority in a given society who, because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality within that societyvii. Racism1. Attributing superiority or inferiority to a population that shares certain physically inherited characteristicsviii. Institutional racism1. Patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity that have become structured into existing social institutionsix. Prejudice1. Holding preconceived ideas about an individual or group (either positive or negative); these ideas are resistant to change even in the face of new informationx. Discrimination1. Behavior or practices that deny to members of a particular group resources or rewards that others can obtainxi. Color-blind racism1. Uses principle of neutrality to perpetuate racially unequal status quoxii. Stereotyping1. Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible