Socio 211 1st Edition Lecture 9Current LectureI. Conflict Theorya. Suggests that deviance is deliberately chosen and often political in nature b. Individuals respond to inequities built into capitalismi. As inequalities increase between the ruling class and the working class, law becomes the key instrument for the powerful to maintain orderc. Connection to labeling theory: labels are applied by those with power to those withouti. The New Jim CrowII. Summing up theoretical frameworksa. Which criminological theory makes more sense to you?III. Cultural Explanationa. Subcultural explanationi. Delinquent subcultures, such as gangs, replace middle-class values with norms that celebrate nonconformity and devianceb. “Defining Deviancy Down”i. Kai Erikson (1966) empirically tested Durkheim ii. Found that a community’s capacity for dealing with deviance could be approximated by counting its prison cells, hospital beds, policemen, psychiatrists, courts, and clinicsiii. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1993)iv. Suggests that deviance increased so much it had to be redefinedv. Meanwhile the normal acceptable level of crime increasedIV. Crimes todaya. Many crimes are never reported to the policeb. Crime is higher in urban areasc. Crime has been steadily decreasing form 1990 to presentd. Woman and crimei. Women less likely to be arrested or imprisoned than menii. Perhaps in part due to differential treatment of women in criminal justice systemiii. Women overwhelmingly the victims in domestic violence, sexual harassment, sexual assault, and rapeiv. Homosexuals experience a high incidence of violent crime and harassmentV. Class and crimea. White-collar crime includes criminal activities carried out by those in white-collar, professional, jobsb. Corporate crimes includes offenses committed by large corporations in societyVI. “On the Run”a. Alice Goffman (2009) researched people avoiding getting picked up by the police for various offensesb. Leads these men to extreme secrecy and dangerous activitiesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Routine places, such as hospitals, are fraught with risk for these menVII. Are prisons the answer?a. Prisons are expensive: $25,327 per year for a prisoner in the federal systemb. The U.S. has the highest per capita incarceration ratec. Little evidence to suggest imprisonment deters crimeVIII. Crime preventiona. Target hardening and surveillance systems are popular approachb. Does not address underlying causes of crimec. Unclear if greater police presence translates into lower crime ratesIX. Policinga. Now less about controlling crime and more about detecting and managing risksi. Police are knowledge workers who process informationii. Requires connection and information sharing across multiple domains X. Community Policinga. Community policing is a renewed emphasis on crime prevention rather than law enforcement to reintegrate policing within the community b. Shaming is a way of punishing criminal and deviant behavior based on rituals of public disapproval rather than