SOCIO 211 1st Edition Lecture 15 I. Gender Inequalitya. Sexi. The biological and anatomical difference distinguishing females and malesb. Genderi. Social expectations about behavior regarded as appropriate for the members of each sexc. Gender socialization i. The learning of gender roles through social factors such as schooling, the media, and familyii. Much language glorifies the male category and demeans the female category 1. Male as normative2. Parallel words3. Infantilization of womeniii. Everyday language contributes to gender inequalityd. Social construction of genderi. The learning of gender roles through socialization and interaction with othersii. Positive and negative sanctions for practices of masculine or feminine behaviore. “Doing Gender”i. Everything is involved when we “do gender”, from our actions to our clothing, mannerisms, speech, and body languageii. When people do not “do gender” in the matter they are used to, it makes them uncomfortable or fearfulf. Sex differencesi. Nature and nurtureii. Cross-cultural historical differences between men and women are too great for nature alone to explain behavioriii. While there are differences between women and men, society hyper focuses on those differences, which establishes inequality g. Social construction of gender in other cultures i. The !Kung in Kalahari Desertii. The Bacha posh in Afghanistan iii. Fa’afafine in Samoaiv. Two-spirit in many native American culturesv. Multiple gendersh. Feminist theoriesi. Emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularlythe uniqueness of the experience of womenii. Liberal1. Believes that gender inequality is produced by unequal access to civil rights and social resources, such as education and employment, and change occurs through legislation iii. RadicalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Believes that gender inequality is the result of male domination in all aspects of social and economic life and change occurs by overthrowing patriarchyiv. Black1. Highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, race, and class and change occurs with gender equality on racial and class linesv. Postmodern1. Challenges the idea of a unitary basis of identity and experienced sharedby all women and celebrates “otherness” of different groups and ideasvi. Functionalist1. Sees gender differences as good for societal harmony. Problems: assumes gender roles are universal and static and puts the broad harmony over problems caused by gender inequality i. Patriarchyi. Dominance of men over womenj. Men in our societyk. Gender inequalityi. The inequality between men and women in terms of wealth, income, and statusl. Gender inequalities in the work placei. In 1970, women who worked were young, single, poor immigrants or ethnic minoritiesNow in 2010, women outnumbered men in the workforce for the first