ANSC 1676 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide ANSC 1676/SAAS 276Review Sheet – Exam 2Date: April 8, 2:30pm Austin 108Topics: Chinchillas, Infectious diseases, birds, pet first aid, animal control, fish, dog breeding/showing, reptiles as pets1. Where do chinchillas originate? How do their adaptations to living in their natural environment affect the care required as pets?Originate: Andes Mountains, Peru Used to a cold, dry climate so need a tolerable environment (heat sensitive), need totake dust baths to take care of their fur, hay and wood for bedding (comparable to their natural environment bedding) & constant fresh water (they cannot sweat – heat stroke)2. As members of the rodent family, describe chinchilla dental requirements.Chinchillas need an adequate amount of calcium to sustain the enamel on their teeth; owners who do not feed their chinchillas the correct pellet diet tend to have this problem. Enamel problems can turn into teeth disorders such as malocclusion, misalignment of the upper & lower teeth when biting and chewing3. What can chinchillas do to defend themselves against predators?Spray urine & fur release (escape from a predator’s grip)4. Why are wild chinchillas on the endangered list?Killed for their fur to make chinchilla coats; almost killed to extinction in the 19th century5. What disease precipitated the need for animal control officers many years ago?Rabies6. Describe two responsibilities of an animal control officer.Educate the public about animal control safety: Hold informational classes or seminars on keeping animals safeEnforce local & regional laws concerning the care and treatment of animals: Mandate all civilians to comply with laws and regulations regarding animals7. What are some common causes of infectious disease?VirusesBacteriaProtozoaYeastsParasites8. Describe the routes of disease transmission.Direct Contact - TouchingAerosolOralFecal Matter – OralFood and/or Water BorneVenereal (Breeding, Semen)MilkUrineWildlife AnimalsIntermediate Hosts – Harbors the parasite for a short period of time & transfers it to another host9. What is the disease-causing agent for Lyme’s?Bacterial Agent – Tick10. Describe the three steps of biosecurity. Prevent Exposure to Pathogens: Animal contact, manure, feed, water, equipment, & peopleMaximize Immunity: Optimize vaccinations; decrease stress and management of stress, colostrum (first milk for infants to increase immune system)Manage Your Environment: Maximize personal hygiene and minimize potential habitats for infectious transfer11. Rabies vaccine can be given after getting bit by a rabid animal, why?Rabies vaccine ensures that the virus does not enter the central nervous system; there is no treatment once the disease enters the CNS 12. What attributes characterize a parrot?Main Attributes: Hooked Bills, Zygodactyl Feet, & Rough Dry Tongues13. If you were to purchase a tropical bird, what types of food could you give to it? Complete pellet diet supplemented with whole grains, fresh vegetables, fruit, beans, & nuts.14. What are two sources of companion birds and fish? Describe some issues related tothe capture of individuals in the wild and care of these animals. Why are some parrots numbers decreasing in the wild?Sources of Companion Birds & Fish: Wild Capture & Private BreedingWild capture of these animals brings about concern of the creature’s wellbeing (improper diet & housing once captured, spear gunning fish can cause permanent damage, stress caused infections), damage to coral reefs (cyanide fishing) & overall care of the animals as they are shipped to pet stores are insufficient usually resultingin death. Especially for parrots, due to the high demand of exotic birds, many species are endangered and near extinction. 15. What step should be taking before treating an injured cat or dog?ALWAYS muzzle an injured dog & wrap a towel around an injured cat before treatingit16. What are a couple of signs of shock?HypothermiaIrregular BreathingPale Mucous MembranesIncreased Heart Rate but Weak Pulse17. What sort of preventative care can be done at home on a regular basis for your pets?Maintain a healthy weight for your petsCheck your pet’s teethLearn how to trim their nailsBrush your pet – maintains proper blood circulation underneath the skin & keeps coat smooth and knot freeClean their ears18. Describe a fish. How can scales be used to learn more about a fish’s life?Fish: Poikilothermic & Chordate; Depend on their environment for heat & possess a notochord and gill slits. Appendages are considered fins & they have scales.Fish Scales: Growth rings indicate age of fish, give insight to temperature of the water, & stress periods19. Describe white, pink and red muscle in fish. What types of movement do these different muscle types allow? Why do they look different? White: Low amount of protein that carries oxygen (myoglobin); sprinting muscle for short swimming distances (Anaerobic)Red: High amount of oxygen carrying protein; helps keep sustained smellier as well (Aerobic)Pink: Intermediate amount of myoglobin-Variances in looks are due to the different amounts of myoglobin present20. Describe the swim bladder, modifications in the fish digestive system and the gills.Gills: Replace lungs & functions as a kidney, extracting oxygen from water & filtering out the carbon dioxide & nitrogen Swim Bladder: Creates buoyancy for fish while swimming; can increase/decrease in size when needed to sink or float in water. -For Tropical Fish, many may use their swim bladder to obtain more oxygen (Warmer water, less oxygen)Digestive System: Longer intestines to accommodate their fibrous diet & increased surface area to maximize nutrients absorbed 21. What sorts of considerations are necessary when selecting an aquarium?Size of tank is important –1.5 to 2 quarts of waterWater Characteristics are Important: Hardness, Ph, Temperature, Salinity, Filtration, & Dissolved Gases22. Compare and contrast the three different types of fish kept in aquariums.Tropical Freshwater Fish -Can be have live young such as, Guppies & Mollies -Can be egg layers such as, Bettas, Paradise fish & Catfish-Active & can be aggressiveCool Freshwater Fish-Can be kept in an aquarium or a pond-Tend to be vigorous -Examples: Goldfish & KoiTropical Saltwater Fish-Increasing in popularity-Challenging to maintain their proper environment -Example: Clownfish, Damsel fish, Anemone fish , Angel fish, Butterfly fish, Gobies, Wrasses, &