ANSC 1676 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Anatomy & Physiology ContinuedA. RespiratoryB. NervousC. UrinaryD. EndocrineE. Five SensesOutline of Current LectureI. Nutrition & DigestionA. NutrientsB. DiseasesC. Digestive AnatomyCurrent LectureA. Nutrients- Water : Drinking, food, metabolic water- Protein : Hair, food intake, muscled, meat, soy beans- Carbohydrates : Energy, wheat, corn, potatoes, glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, cellulose – plants- Fat : Store energy, oils, fish- Vitamins : Metabolic reactions; plants, animals, synthesized by bacteria (K)- Minerals : Macrominerals – Needed in higher amounts* Calcium, Phosphorous & Magnesium Microminerals – Needed in lesser amounts* Selenium, Chromium, Iron & Iodine Fluid Around Cells* Sodium, Potassium, & ChlorideFat Soluble Vitamins :- A – Vision & Reproduction- D – Calcium Metabolism- E – Antioxidant- K – BloodclottingWater Soluble Vitamins :- B – Energy Metabolism (Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin)-- C – Antioxidant, Connective Tissue (lack of this causes scurvy)Energy-Gross Energy – What you eat-Fecal Energy – Gross Energy minus what is wasted-Digestible Energy – Left after Fecal Energy-Urinary & Gaseous Energy – What is lost from Digestible Energy-Metabolizable Energy – Digestible Energy minus U & G Energy-Heat – Loss through Metabolizable Energy-Net Energy – What is left for your body to useB.Diseases- Scurvy – Lack of Vitamin C- Ricketts – Lack of Vitamin D & Calcium- Goiter – Affected thyroid gland & lack of Iodine- Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism – Imbalance of too much Phosphorous to Calcium- Obesity; Ad – Libidum Feeding : Unlimited quantities of food to be eatenLife Cycle :-Birth : Colostrum (1st milk) ; rich with antibodies for immune system-Weaning : Stop Lactating-Growth-Adult Maintenance -Gestation : (Females) Begin Lactation-Senior YearsC. Digestive Anatomy - Carnivores : Cats & Ferrets- Omnivores : Dogs- Herbivores : Rabbits- Variable : RodentsProcess of Digestion Mouth – Stomach – Small Intestine (Pancreas & Liver) – Cecum – Large IntestinePeristalsis : Rhythmic movement involved with swallowing food and digestionCanine Nutrition : CANNOT Have- Chocolate, Toffee, Cocoa, Tea Leaves – Due to the Theobromine- Onions, Cat Food, Mushrooms, Grapes, Raisins, Apple Stems, Leaves, Almond, Ivy, Poinsettia, Aloe Vera, Fruits, & VegetablesFeline Nutrition : - TRUE Carnivores- Need more protein than carbohydrates- Need Taurine in their diet – Eye function & Component of bile- Need Vitamin A in their diet – Cannot convert beta carotene naturally- Less Niacin- Less Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)- Increased amino acid metabolism - Increased urinary ammonia & minerals* Increased risk for Feline Struvite Urolithiasis ; mineral crystals that urinary