ANSC 1676 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8February 25, 2015; 2:30-4:25pm – Austin 108Bring a #2 pencil to the exam. There will be a combination of multiple choice/matching/short answer questions.1. How would you define a companion animal?2. What changes in animals has domestication caused? Why? How were species chosen for domestication?3. What did Belyeav’s silver fox experiment demonstrate about domestication?4. What are some characteristics of Domestication Syndrome? How does this hypothesis help to explain domestication?5. Study the handout of external anatomy and bones to know.6. List two functions of the integumentary system (skin). Describe the dermis and epidermis.7. What is a ligament?8. What are two functions of the skeletal and muscular systems?9. Compare and contrast the function and control of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.10. Briefly describe the organization of the heart, veins, arteries and capillaries within the circulatory system.11. What is the function of panting? 12. Compare and contrast the central and peripheral nervous systems? What is the primary cell type in the nervous system?13. Urinary calculi form primarily in which species/gender? Why? How?14. Which structures in the brain release hormones that control the reproductive system? Whateffect does the thyroid gland have on the body? Where is the thyroid gland located?15. Why do predators have eyes close together in the front of their head, while prey animals have their eyes on the sides of their heads?16. On a hot day, a rabbit attempts to run away from a circling hawk. How do each of the systems of the rabbit’s body react to this change in activity?17. Compare and contrast the digestive systems of the carnivorous cat and the herbivorous rabbit. What is cecotrophy and why do rabbits exhibit this behavior?18. What are the 6 nutrients? Explain the use of each nutrient within the body.19. Ricketts is a disease caused by a deficiency of which nutrient?20. Which of the stages of life requires the most amount of energy?21. Which disease is most common in companion animals today? Why?22. Why is it important to consider a safe rate of weight loss in a pet? Be able to calculate this given the necessary information. Why do veterinarians generally not recommend feeding pets ad libitum?23. What is the function of the stomach, small intestine, cecum and large intestine?24. How does a dog diet differ from a cat diet? What extra nutrients do cats require? Why?25. What assessment can be done to ensure that a pet is receiving the required amount of nutrients?26. Describe the issues surrounding the debate concerning feeding raw pet food.27. How do rabbit teeth differ from cat and dog teeth? How do the teeth of each of these animals allow them to properly ingest or catch their food?28. How does a high fiber diet prevent rabbits from getting a hairball lodged in the digestive tract?29. Describe the digestion of the guinea pig, gerbil and hamster.30. List 5 characteristics of being a responsible pet owner.31. What are some negative consequences of not being a responsible pet owner?32. How are animal shelters funded? How are stray and unwanted pets managed and cared for?Define feral.33. What are the primary sex organs in a male and female pet? What is the function of these organs? What hormones do each produce and what are their effects?34. What is the site of fertilization? Where do the fetuses grow and develop within the mother?35. Diagram and/or describe the connection between GnRH, LH, FSH and testosterone in the male animal. Diagram and /or describe these relationships in the female animal (replace testosterone with estrogen and progesterone). 36. What is an estrous cycle? What is estrus? What is happening on the ovary during estrus?37. If you were to describe in general terms the reproductive lifecycle of the six pet species discussed in class to a friend that was interested in breeding that species, what would you say?38. What is neutering and spaying? What behaviors are removed after these surgeries? Why? 39. How are breeds of animals within a species created? 40. Define: trait, gene, genotype, phenotype, diploid, haploid, chromosomes, DNA, allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous41. Describe Mendel’s two laws that explain how traits pass from parent to offspring.42. In American Curl cats, predict the number of offspring that will display curly ears from a mating between two heterozygous curly eared parents. Use a punnett square.43. What is the result of mitosis? When does this occur? Why?44. What is the result of meiosis? When would this occur? Why?45. In what way does sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity within a species that are allowed to randomly mate?46. What is inbreeding? What can result from the practice of