ANSC 1676 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture (Not Uploaded)I. Anatomy & PhysiologyA. IntegumentaryB. SkeletalC. MuscularD. CirculatoryOutline of Current LectureI. Anatomy & Physiology ContinuedA. RespiratoryB. NervousC. UrinaryD. EndocrineE. Five SensesCurrent LectureA. Respiratory- Gas exchange- Breathing- Purring- Panting; to cool downAlveoli : Increase surface area so gas exchange can cross efficientlyNasal Passages : Entry of gas exchangesBronchus : Leads to lungsBronchiole : Stem off of bronchusB. Nervous- Thinking - Coordinated movements - Motor- Sensory Input/OutputCNS : Brain & Spinal Cord (reflexes)PNS : Sensory, motor, autonomic nerves, & reflexesCell Types Neurons : Nerve CellsSynapses : Connections between nerve cellsHelper Cells : Supportive nerve cellsC. Urinary- Excrete waste- Get rid of ammoniaKidneys begins excretory process, followed by,Ureters BladderUrethraKidney Stones : Mineral stonesUrinary Calculi : Urethra stones (Increased in males)D. EndocrineHypothalamus : Growth, Lactation, & ReproductionThyroid : Metabolic RatePancreas (Next to small intestine) : Glucose metabolism (insulin & glucagon) & digestionAdrenal (Tip of kidneys) : Blood pressure & “Fight or Flight”Pituitary : (Anterior) Growth, lactation, & reproduction & (Posterior) Milk letdown & water conservationParathyroid : Ca/P balance (Calcium/Phosphorous) Ovaries/Testes : Reproduction & secondary sexual characteristicsE. Five Senses- Humans : Vision & hearing- Cats : Vision, smell, & hearing- Dogs : Smell, sound, & visionVision- Light energy converted into nerve impulses- Born with eyes CLOSED : puppies, kittens, rodents & rabbits- Born with eyes OPEN : guinea pigs- Nictitating Membrane : (Dogs & Cats) another layer of protection for the eye- Predator : Binocular vision area ; depth vision/perception- Prey : Wide expanse of peripheral vision to spot predatorsHearing- Conversion of sound waves to nerve impulses- Dogs : Higher wavelength vs Humans- Cats : Higher wavelength vs Dogs- Golden Mole : Has enlarged bone in middle ear to amplify vibrations of oncoming predatorsSmell- Main Olfactory : Air enters nasal passages & scent molecules attach to receptors- Accessory Olfactory : Air enters into two blind sacs with receptors above mouth; important with pheromonesTaste- Sour, sweet, salty, bitter, amino acids- Receptor varies over species- Taste buds = SalivaTouch- Skin = Heat, light touch, pain, & cold- Whiskers - Paws- Information from touch sensation is transmitted to