COMM 110 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 17 - 26EnvironmentI. What is THE environment?II. What is YOUR environment?a. The way you live and what is going on in your life currentlyIII. How does media relate to environment?a. How we perceive our environment i. Our personal environment is different from our political environmentIV. How has media represented/ constructed environment/ environmentalism?a. Giving us sides to things when it doesn’t matter because a fact is a factV. The environment in news mediaa. 1% of the news holei. this is because there is less concern ii. it doesn’t sellb. Stories of crime and entertainment regularly account for 6 to 12%c. Similar to international news/ hard news the consolidation of media and corporate drive fro profits has limited the way that the environment its covered and discussed in the public sphered. Channelsi. Discovery channel, shark week, animal planet, dual survivorii. How does this construct the environment1. We see how violent and dangerous it and how we have to conquer ite. The problem of media environment moves beyond just news coverage and media portraysf. “Simply stated, our survival as a species is dependent upon minimizing the threat from advertising and the commercial culture that has spawned it” – Sut Jhallyi. because we have a media system that is built to sell is ruining the planetVI. Communications technologya. Where does it come fromi. Silicone Valley, right?1. People who have an Apple product that product comes from China, but we don’t know where it goes after we’re done with itii. Where does it go to die?b. Majority of our electricity mostly comes from coal i. We don’t see the coal fire plants when we buy our products and we don’t see the kids working the coal fire plants ii. “Blood in the mobile”iii. Export of e- wasteMedia and Environment ContinuedI. By the numbers:a. Household electronicsi. 2009 – 15% of residential electricity consumptionii. 2020 – 30%iii. 2030 – 40%b. The cloudi. Fifth largest energy consumer in the worldii. Huge data centerc. E- waste – 50 millions tons annually – fastest growingi. 85% goes to Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asiaii. 15 million people make living as “ragpickers” in global SouthII. Las Maquiladorasa. Cheap labor by the borderb. Mexico borderc. Weren’t there 20 years ago which means people are working for cheap III. Global capitalism has altered peoples relations to environmental resources: factories, labor, exposure a. Developing world is unevenly targeted and burdenedIV. Greenwashinga. A form of spin in which green PR or green marketing is deceptively used to promote the perception that an organization’s products, aims or policies are environmentally friendlyi. Examples: water bottles, diapers, soda cans, cleaning bottles, laptopsii. Saving energyiii. Less plasticiv. Still use chemicals and other bad factorsb. Evidence that an organization is greenwashing often comes from pointing out the spending differences: when significantly more money or time has been spent advertisingbeing "green" (that is, operating with consideration for the environment), than is actually spent on environmentally sound practicesc. Greenwashing efforts can range from changing the name or label of a product to evoke the natural environment on a product that contains harmful chemicals to multimillion dollar advertising campaigns portraying highly polluting energy companies as eco-friendlyV. Consumerism remains the main contradiction in environmental issues because it is obsessively linked with that growth ideology and a green commodity discourse which promotes the magical fusion of environmentalism with growth, profits, and the pleasurea. The fixation on growth is a problemb. In reality we see that buying and consumption are contradictory i. Can’t buy and consume to save the planetVI. Environmental/ Ecological Citizenshipa. An idea that each of us is an integral part of a larger ecosystem and that our future depends on each one of us embracing the challenge and acting responsibly and positively toward our environment. It's about making changes in our daily lives to be environmental citizens all day, every dayi. We should do what’s best for the world not what’s best for usii. Space junk – polluting the orbit of the world we live inb. “The principal ecological citizenship obligation is to ensure that ecological footprints make a sustainable, rather than an unsustainable, impact.” Unlike the rights and responsibilities which exist under contemporary citizenship, this obligation is non-reciprocal and asymmetrical because “the ecological footprints of some members of some countries have a damaging impact on the life chances of some members of other countries”VII. Climate changea. The change in climate (example regional temperature, precipitation, extreme weather, etc) caused by increase in the greenhouse effect.b. Greenhouse effect is the process wherein greenhouse gases (such as water vapour, CO2, methane, etc) in the atmosphere absorb and re-emit heat being radiated from the earth,trapping warmth. Greenhouse gases refers to gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation (heat)VIII. Sustainabilitya. The ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitelyIX. Environmental sustainabilitya. Improvements in the standard of living that do not cause long-term damage to the environment that impact future generationsX. Economic Sustainability a. Development that includes everyone, where everyone has the right of economic improvement. The development should be long-term and devoid of corruption and burdening debtXI. Social Sustainability a. Development that is inclusive and ensures an improvement in the standard of living for all. It should incorporate everyone and ensure equal access to healthcare, education, resources, etc. while respecting individual culturesXII. E- wastea. "Electronic waste" may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets, and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal. Others define the reusable products (working and repairable electronics) and secondary scrap (copper, steel, plastic, etc.) to be "commodities", and reserve the term "waste" for residue or material which is dumped by the buyer rather than recycled, including