POVERTY AND HUNGER ISS 215 LECTURE 9 OUTLINE A WHAT IS POVERTY B INDICATORS OF POVERTY C HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE POOR D WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE E THEORETICAL DISCUSSION WHAT IS POVERTY 1 ABSOLUTE POVERTY REFERS TO A SITUATION WHEN A HOUSEHOLD CANNOT MAINTAIN SOME MINIMUM STANDARD OF LIVING WORLD BANK 1997 2 FROM A HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE POVERTY MEANS THE DENIAL OF CHOICES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR A TOLERABLE LIFE WORLD BANK 1997 INDICATORS OF POVERTY 1 ECONOMIC INDICATORS a GNP b AVERAGE INCOME INDICATORS OF POVERTY CONT 2 SOCIAL INDICATORS A LONGEVITY i INFANT MORTALITY RATE ii CHILD MORTALITY iii LIFE EXPECTANCY B ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE i LITERACY RATES ii EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS INDICATORS OF POVERTY CONT C STANDARD OF LIVING i ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ii ACCESS TO SAFE WATER iii PERCENT OF MALNOURISHED CHILDREN iv OVERALL CONDITION OF THE LIVING UNIT 6 HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE POOR 1 APPROXIMATELY 1 3 BILLION PEOPLE MAKE ONE DOLLAR A DAY AND LIVE IN ABSOLUTE POVERTY 2 950 MILLION 73 OF 1 3 BILLION POOR PEOPLE OF THE WORLD LIVE IN ASIA 3 SOME 220 MILLION PEOPLE IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA LIVE IN POVERTY 4 APPROXIMATELY 110 MILLION PEOPLE IN LATIN AMERICA ARE POOR 5 120 MILLION PEOPLE IN EASTERN EUROPE LIVE BELOW A POVERTY LINE OF 4 00 A DAY 6 MORE THAN 100 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE IN POVERTY IN INDUSTRIAL NATIONS LESS THAN HALF THE INDIVIDUAL MEDIAN WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE 1 RURAL A LANDLESS LABORERS B TENANTS C SMALL FARMERS D ALL RURAL PEOPLE IN AREAS WITH SCARCE LAND LOW PRODUCTION DROUGHTS FLOODS 2 3 4 5 PEOPLE IN URBAN SLUMS WOMEN CHILDREN SENIOR CITIZENS THEORETICAL DISCUSSION 1 GLOBAL LEVEL A MODERNIZATION THEORY B WORLD SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE 2 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL A POPULAR VIEWS OF POVERTY B BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS C CULTURE OF POVERTY D STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE E CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE OUTLINE POVERTY IN THE US 1 2 3 4 5 6 WHO ARE POOR IN THE U S INCOME BY RACE POPULATION BELOW POVERTY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2002 HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011 POVERTY IN THE US 1 WHO IS POOR IN THE U S PERSONS INCOME ONE PERSON 10 890 TWO PERSONS 14 710 THREE PERSONS 18 530 FOUR PERSONS 22 350 FIVE PERSONS 26 170 U S CENSUS BUREAU 2011 2 HOUSEHOLD MEDIAN INCOME BY RACE ETHNICITY RACE INCOME WHITE 51 846 BLACK 32 068 ASIAN 64 308 HISPANIC 37 759 NATIVE 31 800 TOTAL U S 49 445 U S CENSUS BUREAU 2011 POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LEVEL 3 POVERTY BY RACE ETHNICITY RACE ETHNICITY PERCENT WHITE 13 0 9 BLACK 27 4 ASIAN 12 1 HISPANIC 26 6 TOTAL 46 2 million 15 1 4 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 1 MISSISSIPPI 21 9 2 Arkansas 18 8 3 KENTUCKY 18 6 4 LOUISIANA 18 6 5 WASHINGTON D C 18 4 MICHIGAN 16 2 48 MARYLAND 9 1 49 ALASKA 9 0 50 NEW HAMPSHIRE 8 5 U S CENSUS BURAU 2011 OTHER HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2002 1 THERE WERE 34 6 MILLION 12 1 POOR PEOPLE IN THE U S 2 THERE WERE 7 2 MILLION FAMILIES IN POVERTY 3 THERE WERE 12 1 MILLION 16 7 POOR CHILDREN 4 ABOUT ONE HALF 49 OF NATION S POOR WERE EITHER CHILDREN OR SENIORS ABOVE 65 YEARS OTHER HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2002 CONT 5 PERCENT OF POOR PEOPLE 18 TO 64 YEARS ROSE TO 10 6 6 MAJORITY OF POOR PEOPLE 67 WERE WHITE AMERICAN 7 BLACK NATIVE AMERICAN AND HISPANICS HAD A HIGHER PROPORTION OF POOR PEOPLE 8 THERE ARE 16 MILLION AMERICANS LIVING IN SEVERE POVERTY THAT IS 32 YEAR HIGH 16 HIGHLIGHTS CONT 1 ONE IN THREE SEVERELY POOR ARE CHILDREN UNDER 17 AND TWO OUT OF THREE ARE WOMEN 2 ONLY 10 OF SEVERELY POOR RECEIVE ANY ASSISTANCE 3 ONE IN THREE AMERICANS WILL FACE SEVERE POVERTY U S CENSUS 2003 4 OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES U S HAS THE HIGHEST POVERTY AMONG 31 DEVELOPED NATIONS 5 ACCORDING TO ONE ESTIMATE 58 OF AMERICANS BETWEEN AGES OF 25 AND 75 WILL SPEND AT LEAST ONE YEAR IN POVERTY TWO OF THREE WILL USE PUBLIC ASSISTANCE HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011 1 OOFFCIAL POVERTY IS 15 1 AN INCREASE BY 2 6 SINCE 2007 2 TTHERE ARE 46 2 MILLION PEOPLE IN POVERTY 3 POVERTY INCREASED FOR ALL ETHNIC GROUPS EXCEPT ASIAN AMERICANS 4 THE POVERTY RATE WAS THE HIGHEST SINCE 1993 5 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN POVERTY IS THE LARGEST IN 52 YEARS 6 POVERTY RATE INCREASED FOR CHILDREN UNDER 18 TO 22 US CENSUS BUREAU OUTLINE HUNGER 1 2 3 4 WHAT IS HUNGER HOW SERIOUS IS THE PROBLEM WHY HUNGER POET MODEL AND HUNGER A ORGANIZATION B ENVIRONMENTS C TECHNOLOGY D POPULATION HUNGER 1 WHAT IS HUNGER A INTAKE OF FOOD EITHER LOW IN QUANTITY OR OF THE WRONG KIND OR BOTH B SEVERE FOOD INSECURITY A PROBLEM OF C LIMITED ACCESS TO ADEQUATE FOOD IN AN ABUDANT SOCIETY 2 HOW SERIOUS IS THE PROBLEM A ACCORDING TO WORLD FOOD COUNCIL ALMOST ONE BILLION PEOPLE ARE HUNGRY IN THE WORLD B APPROXIMATELY 250 MILLION CHILDREN FACE HUNGER ON DAILY BASES HUNGER 3 WHY HUNGER A ECOLOGICAL COMPLEX POET MODEL B COMPONENTS OF POET MODEL i POPULATION ii ORGANIZATION iii ENVIRONMENTS iv TECHNOLOGY POET MODEL AND HUNGER A ORGANIZATION 1 POLITICS OF HUNGER a GOVERNMENT POLICIES b POVERTY c DEFENSE BUDGET d POLITICAL CORRUPTION 2 ECONOMICS OF HUNGER a WORLD SYSTEM b UNEMPLOYMENT c ECONOMIC INEQUALITY d FOOD CROPS VERSUS CASH CROPS e POOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM POET MODEL AND HUNGER ORGANIZATION CONT 3 CULTURE AND HUNGER i INDIVIDUALISM AND HUNGER ii ETHNIC WARS AND HUNGER iii ILLITERACY iv WASTAGE OF FOOD POET MODEL AND HUNGER CONT B ENVIRONMENT 1 LACK OF RESOURCES 2 CLIMATE 3 DEPLETION OF SOIL 4 LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE C TECHNOLOGY 1 LACK OF TECHNOLOGY 2 TRANSFER OF INAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY D POPULATION