GEO 155 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 11 17 Lecture 11 Questions 1 Name the various types of source regions 2 Describe the conditions for each source region combination 3 Name the types of clouds formed by the various fronts 4 Compare cold and warm fronts 5 Which front results in the most intense precipitation 6 What is the name of the front that has no invasion and thus no uplift Answers 1 Polar P Tropical T Continental c Maritime m 2 Continental Polar is cold dry and stable Maritime Polar is less cold humid and less stable Continental Tropical is hot dry and unstable Maritime Tropical is less hot humid and very unstable 3 Warm fronts create stratus clouds Cold fronts create cumulous clouds Occluded fronts leave clear skies once they pass 4 Warm fronts occur when warm air masses pass over cold air and there is frontal uplift This may lead to rain or snow because the front intersects with the ground at the boundary between the two air masses is either warm rain or cold snow Whereas a cold front occurs when a cold air mass passes over a warm one the air is denser so it pushes the warm air out of the way This results in more precipitation which lasts for a shorter amount of time because it is a steeper front 5 The occluded front results in the most severe precipitation due to the intersection of a cold front with a warm front The cold front moves faster and it bombards the warm front Once it passes the skies are clear but the temperature drops 6 The stationary front occurs when warm air sits next to cold air and the warm air may move slightly over the cold air mass Lecture 12 Questions 1 How do mid latitude cyclones form 2 Describe the earth sun relationship s contribution to cyclones 3 Compare mid latitudinal cyclones and tropical cyclones 4 Define climate 5 Name the categories of the Koppen Classification Answers 1 Mid latitude cyclones occur because of the jet stream and an acceleration causes a low pressure in the upper atmosphere Due to vorticity as the jet stream moves toward the equator the jet stream decelerates causing the mid latitude cyclone to weaken On the flip side as the jet stream moves toward higher latitudes the jet stream accelerates causing a void of air This forms a low pressure and rising air dynamic uplift which brings about the stormy weather associated with mid latitude cyclones 2 The earth sun relationship creates an energy difference between the latitudes which creates a latitudinal temperature gradient This gradient creates pressure gradients aloft where Coriolis can be found and thus leads to the Jet Stream The Jet Stream requires dynamic uplift leaving low pressure at the surface and thus mid latitudinal cyclones are formed These cyclones allow for a massive energy redistribution of the movement of cold air to a place of more energy and the movement of warm air to a place of less energy 3 Mid latitudinal cyclones gain their energy from the Jet Stream while tropical cyclones gain it from the warm ocean water Mid latitudinal cyclones occur over land and aren t affected by water while tropical ones always weaken over land Mid latitudinal have fronts and have air that rises at the center while tropical ones do not have fronts and have sinking air at the center clear eye 4 Climate is the long term pattern of weather 5 Tropical A Dry B Mild Winter C Cold Winter D and Polar E Lecture 13 Questions 1 Examine the following climate types a Tropical b Dry c Cool Moderate d Cold Winter e Polar Answers 1 The distribution of climate is as follows b Tropical i Somewhere close to the equator ii Warm hot all year iii Zone of rising air iv Migrates north northern hemisphere summer and migrates south northern hemisphere winter v So close to the equator that there is no dry season wet all year vi May have two peaks of precipitation vii Tropical Wet Climate viii Winter is dry ix Summer is wet c Dry i Desert Steppe 1 Subtropical Deserts a 25 30 degrees in either hemisphere b Warm hot all year and cool at night c Dry from sinking air of Hadley Cells 2 Mid latitudinal Deserts a Created by rain shadow downside of a mountain b Warm hot summer c Cold winter d Cool Moderate 1 Mediterranean west coasts of the continent between 30 and 40 degrees a Winds pass over water conservative moderate temperature year round b Wet winter c Dry summer d High pressure cell at these latitudes i Block storm systems moving toward coast sinking air keeps it dry in the summer in winter it moves a few degrees lower 2 Marine West Coast west coast greater than 40 degrees a Moderate temperatures b No dry season 3 Humid Subtropical Climate more seasonal temperature variations a Warmer summers b Colder winters c Just below 30 degrees d No dry season e Peak of precipitation f Hot humid unstable mT source region e Cold Winter i Humid Continental colder winter drier ii Subarctic more severe weather conditions f Polar i Dry ii Cold Cool all year Lecture 14 Questions 1 Name the different types of vegetative structures 2 What factors influence vegetation 3 What is allelopathy 4 What is the vegetation distribution like at the equator 5 What is the vegetation distribution like at the subtropics tropical wet and dry climate Answers 1 For life forms there are single wood stemmed plants trees multiple short woody stemmed plants shrubs and non woody plants herbs Forests continuous cover of trees savannas scattered trees with herbaceous plants grasslands all herbaceous plants and shrub lands shrubs are the types where these are seen Leaf characteristics are impacted by shape and time They are either broadleaf or needle leaf and evergreen or deciduous 2 Climate energy and moisture topography micro climate soil water and nutrients biotic interactions animal plant plant plant disturbance fires floods volcanic eruptions earthquakes and wind throw 3 Allelopathy is when plants release toxins into the soil as to avoid other plants from competing 4 Here it is tropical broadleaf evergreen forest because there is plenty of energy and moisture to support the biomass there is no stressful season and this is the most efficient leaf shape to collect sun 5 Transect to the subtropics it is increasingly dry season deciduous because this reduces transpiration loss of water It is a tropical savanna here due to limited moisture fire and hard pans soil Lecture 16 Questions 1 Describe the vegetation of the subtropical desert shrub land 2 Explain what the climate is like transect from the Gulf to the Arctic through eastern North