BCOR 12 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 8 19 Lecture 8 February 2 1 What are the three components of the Cell Theory 2 What are the four possible processes that may have produced the first cells 3 Did RNA or DNA originate the first replicating inheritance molecule Why Lecture 9 February 6 4 What is the difference between a protocell and a true cell 5 What are the three things that life forms can do and therefore identify organisms as living 6 What are the three key events in life s history 7 What are the three major eons of life s history What are the three eras that occur within the current eon 8 What to do the boundaries between eons and eras correspond with 9 What were the first single celled organisms called 10 What are cyanobacteria 11 Why did so many prokaryotes die during the oxygen revolution 12 What is the Endosymbiont Theory Lecture 10 February 9 13 What is biodiversity 14 How are prokaryotes able to become so successful and adapt to their environments so quickly 15 Is it more likely to see a mutation passed on in a multicellular organism or a single cellular organism 16 What are some common characteristics that prokaryotes share 17 What is genetic recombination 18 What are the three different ways that genetic recombination can occur via horizontal transfer Lecture 11 February 11 19 Why are bacteria dyed 20 Do Gram positive or negative bacteria react negatively to antibiotics 21 What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph 22 What is the difference between a chemotrophs and a prototroph 23 Between humans and bacteria is the relationship more or less mutualistic generally Lecture 12 February 13 24 From what organism did land plants embryophytes evolve from 25 What were some of the obstacles plants faced during their transition from water to land 26 What were some of the rewards plants found when they went to land 27 What are the five shared derived characters of the land plants 28 Did nonvascular or vascular plants dominate land first 29 Is the gametophyte or the sporophyte generation more dominant in nonvascular plants 30 Why was alternation of generations a key adaptation for plants 31 What does the sporophyte produce What does the gametophyte produce Lecture 13 February 18 32 What are two key parts of a vascular plant 33 What are shared derived characters of SEEDLESS vascular plants 34 Are gametophytes bisexual for vascular plants 35 What is a key difference between seedless plants and seed plants 36 What is a seed What is a pollen grain 37 What allowed seed plants to thrive 38 What are the two major lineages of seed plants 39 What are the four key adaptations that allowed seed plants to become so successful Lecture 14 February 20 40 What is the seed enclosed in if it comes from a gymnosperm What about an angiosperm 41 What are shared derived characters of angiosperms 42 How do gymnosperms pollinate How do angiosperms pollinate 43 What are some of the key parts of a flower Lecture 15 February 23 44 What are the shared derived characters of animals Describe each one 45 What organisms is the sister to all of the animals 46 What animal s cells look like choanoflagelletes 47 What do diplo and triploblastic mean 48 Do diploblastic or triploblastic organisms have radial symmetry 49 What is the difference between a deuterostome and a protosome What are they 50 What are the five points of agreement for the animal phylogeny Lecture 16 February 25 51 What are the two stages that a cnidarian can live in during its lifetime 52 What two majors groups make up the Lophotrophozoans 53 Differentiate between mollusks and annelid worms Lecture 17 February 27 54 What clade of animals is the most species rich 55 What are the two large phyla of the Ecdyozoans 56 What is a shared derived character of all Ecdyozoans 57 Why do nematodes play a crucial role as a part of the ecosystem 58 What are the shared derived characters of the arthropods 59 Out of the following choices which phyla of arthropods is the most successful A B C D Chelicerates Myriapods Hexapods Crustaceans 60 Why are hexapods the most successful arthropods 61 Give an example of a creature that is an echinoderm 62 What are the shared derived characters of echinoderms 63 What is a water vascular system What are its functions Lecture 18 March 9 64 What are the four shared derived characters all chordates share 65 Do all chordates have these characters present in their adult form 66 What is the most basal chordate 67 What organism is a chordate but looks nothing like other chordates in its adult form 68 What are chordates with a backbone called 69 What are the shared derived characters of the vertebrates 70 What are the advantages of the vertebrates new characters 71 Did the most basal vertebrates hagfish and lampreys have jaws 72 What are the shared derived characters of the gnathostomes 73 What allowed for jaws to originate 74 What is the lateral line system 75 What originated after the gnathostomes 76 What are some shared derived characters that differentiate them from the gnathostomes 77 What are the shared derived characters of the tetrapods 78 Do tetrapod characters give more advantages to terrestrial or aquatic animals Lecture 19 March 11 79 For what do amphibians rely on water 80 What is an amniotic egg What advantage does it have 81 What are the shared derived characters of reptiles sauropsids 82 What are shared derived characters of mammals 83 What are three groups that make up Mammalia 84 About how old is the lineage leading up to Homo sapiens 85 What are Hominin species 86 What are the shared derived characters of humans 87 What are three major trends we see in Hominin evolution 89 What is the Out of Africa hypothesis Answers 1 1 Life cannot exists beneath the level of a cell 2 All organisms are composed of cells 3 All cells arise from pre existing cells via cell division 2 1 Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules 2 Small molecules joining together to form macromolecules 3 Formation of protocells 4 Origin of replicating molecules making inheritance possible 3 RNA Because it has a simpler structure and simpler structures often arise before more complex structures 4 Protocells were abiotic while true cells are biotic 5 1 Ability to reproduce 2 Accurately replicate 3 Ability to metabolize in order to maintain chemical synthesis 6 The origin of single cell organisms 2 The origin of multicellular organisms 3 Colonization of land by plants and other organisms 7 Eons Archaean 4 6 BYA 2 5 BYA