ANTY 326L 1st Edition Lecture 12Colonial objectives and strategiesOverview: colonial strategies and Indigenous Resistance• Spanish Stratification• English Expulsion• French articulationMost of Europe wasn’t terribly impressed by the new world until gold was foundThere were significant differences in the ways the Americas were colonizedMesoamerica/Andes: conquest• Eastern seaboard: aggressive religion/converting1500s• Complicated period of different powers trying to do things with the new world• Conquest of Mexico• Conquest of Andes• Gold & silver• Entradas• Caribbean Towns• St. Augustine• Raiding/Trading• Northern Fisheries• Theory of people knowing about the magical fishing ground before it was cool• Portuguese BrazilThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Slow start• Portugal involved in Asia• Brazilwood• Lack of common defense and lack of interest in cooperating, as a result, saw that the individual settlements were easy prey to pirates.• Development of plantation slavery• Didn’t want to spend a lot of the crown’s money on colonization, so it was more so a play to get wealthy people to use their money in funding the colonies in Brazil.The “land rush” of the 16th and 17th century• Exploration, and attempts to hold lands for future development. (Spain had the right idea to get all the monies… But then again, all of the gold kind of made Spain collapse. Haha, inflation)• After the Reconquista of Grenada, the Jewish people kind of relocated all around the world.• There was also an arms race. Spanish tried to go up and fight with England. Got (ship) wrecked.Geography of Colonization from 1500-1700• Santa Fe, Jamestown, and Quebec were all founded in the first decade of the 1600sThree patterns of colonization• Stratification o The ideal for the new people gaining the powero Replaced indigenous hierarchyo Created a town-oriented, land-based, multiethnic, stratified societyo Depend on indigenous laboro Gradually extend into more territories (e.g. using missions and such)• Expulsiono Ideal for those conquering the lando Isolation and buffer zones (pales acted as “fences”) between populationso Mono-ethnico Land is more important than labor or other resources (e.g. Europe was full to capacity and needed more land)• Articulationo Ideal for both partieso Cooperation is neededo Resources more important than lando Integration, because of complementary economic relationshipColonial Strategies• Less to do with “National Character” than with what resources were being sought• But also relates to attitudes about indigenous peopleSpanish Objective• Critical resource: labor• First objective: metals• Territorial expansion¬The Requirement• Document which states how people are now under the control of Spain• A solid GG message. “Join or die” really.The 16th century • Spain and Portugal consolidate their holdings• Export economies• Early attempts at plantation agriculture• New World slavery• Multiethnic societies• Cultural changeSpanish colonialism• Economy was a hybrid combination of European and Indigenous foods• Fundamentally different society, not a European transplant• Early Entradas (armed takeovers)• Cortes• Pizarroo South America mostly• De Sotoo Went quite a bit into South Northern America• Coronadoo Like De Soto went searching for gold into the north, found pueblo