Lecture 5Islamic WorldRelationship with the west was one of conflictEurope’s significant other since the 7th century ADExpansion exploded out of the Arabian peninsulaExpansion centered on a regional trading centerEventually very diversePractices that promoted expansionHonored scholarship and became one of the most intellectually sophisticated societies (math, sciences, medicine, arts)The Prophet Mohammed570-632From a wealthy trading family in MeccaVery well traveledLots of experience with other religions and other peopleTeachings came from the QuranTenets of IslamMonotheismGradual revelation by prophets (Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Mohammad)Importance of adherence to code of laws concerning diet, marriage, reproduction, praying, giving to the poorHajj or pilgrimage to MeccaPromoting the spread of Islam5 pillars of IslamFaith, prayer, giving of goods, fasting, and pilgrimageExtents of Islamic ExpansionIslam eventually expanded further into the Balkans and IndonesiaGolden Age of Islamic Arts and SciencesSituated to integrate the knowledge of Mesopotamian Rome, Chinese, Egyptian, Indian, Byzantine Persian, Roman, and Greek civilizationsIncreasing demand for luxury goodsSpices, silk, gold, pearlsAll of this was passing through BaghdadIntellectual effort for movement was focused in BaghdadThe house of wisdom in BaghdadBiggest library in the world at the time700,000 volumesIncluded Euclid’s ‘elements’Focus of Eurasian scholarsAl-ldrisi’s World Map (1100s)Inverted map of EuropeArmillary SphereCommon in Greece, China, and BaghdadTaking the ideas that were embodied and Antikythra mechanism and remaking them in the 14th century epitomizes that idea that all of this knowledge that was behind things like that mechanism and the Greek and Hellenistic science and math was revived in the Golden age of Islam and Baghdad and found its way back into EuropePersian and Arab AstronomersImproved version of Greek instruments in 9th centuryVersion brought to Europe by Pope Sylvester IIFrenchFrom South Central FranceThe Pope’s fixer in a way because he was sent to wherever there were trouble spots to help resolve any issuesTrying to arrange a peace treaty with Barcelona for the liberation of that city so the pope sent Sylvester II and he became amazed with the palaces and librariesCosmology and astronomy was one of his passionsBrought armillary sphere back to France and the VaticanMore advanced than anyone at the timeIncreasing knowledge about the rest of the worldTravels of Ivan BattutaMuslimEgypt, Red Sea, Africa, Indonesia, ChinaTravels of Marco PoloVenice, Damascus, ChinaEurope and Islamic world gaining knowledge of the rest of the world and recording itWhat factors made the Islamic Expansion possible?Common language: classical ArabicUse of Greek language as basic language to understand all of the MediterraneanIdeological importance of gaining convertsRelative tolerance of other cultures and religionsAbility to be viewed as liberators rather than conquerorsPowerful infrastructure based on control of trade routes in Europe, Asia, and AfricaReconquistaKnow about this*Spain had centuries of long tradition of battling with non-Christians and institutions dealing with cultural differentAlhambra Palace, Grenada, SpainMoorish palace and citadelBuilt 1248Conquered by Aragon and Castille in 1492Remade as a Christian centerSix centuries of Islamic control have profound impacts on Iberian societyIberian people share a part of the long tradition of the moorsThe ‘reconquest’ with centuries of warfare strongly influenced Spanish cultureJames I of Aragon marched toward the MoorsSituation in EuropeCompared to Byzantium and the Islamic world, Europe was the least powerful and integratedSimple agricultural economyLand was primary means of productionThe Villa System from the Roman model was still the primary way of organizing land, people, and productionANT 326 1st Edition Lecture 5Islamic WorldRelationship with the west was one of conflictEurope’s significant other since the 7th century ADExpansion exploded out of the Arabian peninsulaExpansion centered on a regional trading centerEventually very diversePractices that promoted expansionHonored scholarship and became one of the most intellectually sophisticated societies (math, sciences, medicine, arts)The Prophet Mohammed-570-632-From a wealthy trading family in Mecca-Very well traveled-Lots of experience with other religions and other people-Teachings came from the QuranTenets of Islam-Monotheism-Gradual revelation by prophets (Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Mohammad)-Importance of adherence to code of laws concerning diet, marriage, reproduction, praying, giving to the poor-Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca-Promoting the spread of Islam-5 pillars of Islam oFaith, prayer, giving of goods, fasting, and pilgrimageExtents of Islamic Expansion-Islam eventually expanded further into the Balkans and IndonesiaGolden Age of Islamic Arts and Sciences-Situated to integrate the knowledge of Mesopotamian Rome, Chinese, Egyptian, Indian, Byzantine Persian, Roman, and Greek civilizations-Increasing demand for luxury goods-Spices, silk, gold, pearls-All of this was passing through Baghdad-Intellectual effort for movement was focused in Baghdad-The house of wisdom in BaghdadoBiggest library in the world at the timeo700,000 volumesoIncluded Euclid’s ‘elements’-Focus of Eurasian scholarsAl-ldrisi’s World Map (1100s)-Inverted map of EuropeArmillary Sphere-Common in Greece, China, and Baghdad-Taking the ideas that were embodied and Antikythra mechanism and remaking them in the 14th century epitomizes that idea that all of this knowledge that was behind things like that mechanism and the Greek and Hellenistic science and math was revived in the Golden age of Islam and Baghdad and found its way back into EuropePersian and Arab Astronomers-Improved version of Greek instruments in 9th century-Version brought to Europe by Pope Sylvester II-French-From South Central France-The Pope’s fixer in a way because he was sent to wherever there were trouble spots to help resolve any issues-Trying to arrange a peace treaty with Barcelona for the liberation of that city so the pope sent Sylvester II and he became amazed with the palaces and libraries-Cosmology and astronomy was one of his passions-Brought armillary sphere back to France and the Vatican-More advanced than anyone at the