We are a Social SpeciesOnline Interactions: Boon or Bane?Social Networking Sites (SNS)How is your SNS profile perceived?Curvilinear Relationship – The Goldilocks EffectTelepresence and CMCThe Media EquationDeceiving Others OnlineChapter SummaryCOMM 105 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture1. For your consideration2. Learning through TV3. Cognitive Learning4. Affective Learning5. Social Learning Theory6. Video Games and Learning7. SummaryOutline of Current Lecture1. We are a Social Species2. Online Interactions: Boon or Bane?3. Social Networking Sites (SNS)4. How is your SNS profile perceived?5. Curvilinear Relationships6. Telepresence and CMC7. The Media Equation8. Deceiving Others Online9. Chapter SummaryCurrent LectureChapter 7 - Relationships in a Digital AgeWe are a Social Species- ARPAnet – Advanced Research project Agency Networko Set up by UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa Barbara, UtahThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Set up this network so they could easily share research - Users reported making friends (even lovers) through the system- How? Technology tends to connect people with similar interests (early forms of email)- This was the first time technology was used to share information and they used it as more of a social space after they shared their research.Online Interactions: Boon or Bane?- We spend more time with technology, but is that a bad thing?- Putnam argues that technology replaces authentic social interactions (fully blames technology and nothing else) …. But aren’t your social media contacts real people?- Is face to face communication considered a higher quality of contact than online communication?Social Networking Sites (SNS)-Defined by Boyd and Ellison (2007) as web based services that allow individuals to:o Construct (semi) public profileso Articulate a list of social connectionso View other users’ profiles and lists- The definition of a friend has changed - What makes SNS different from the past technology?o They allow for a greater scope of interactions among userso They provide for “public displays of connection” between users (Donath and Boyd 2004)o Users represent most all demographics and psychographics Not just for young people anymore The average Facebook user is 40.5 years old- Why do we use SNS?o To maintain social connections (especially with people that live far away)o To build social connections  SNS users have been found to be less socially isolated.o Seeking and giving social supporto To augment interpersonal communicationHow is your SNS profile perceived?- The number of friends you have online can impact your popularity offline (goldilocks effect)o Too few friends or too many friends and people can view you negatively- Often times information you post to your profile can be viewed by unexpected audiences (context collapse)- What you do online can influence how you’re seen offlineCurvilinear Relationship – The Goldilocks EffectPositive Perception Number of FriendsTelepresence and CMC - We must feel telepresent while using social media in order to feel social presence. Like how you get out of touch with reality while reading a book or playing a video gameo Continuum (rather in or out)o Psychological State (perception, not technology)o Dynamic (changes at any given moment)- Context X Channel X User = TelepresenceThe Media Equation - Reeves and Nass (1996) argue that for many people media equals real life. For example:o We cry during sad movies, even though we know they’re fake.o We talk to computers when they aren’t working properly (Siri)- We use interpersonal communication norms while using CMC … including deception? o Example: Catfish and the general concern of people lying on dating websites- We use technology to fill interpersonal needs.Deceiving Others Online- Research suggest that deceptions online are more similar to impression managemento We don’t lie online – at least any more than we would face to face because we anticipate meeting each other in person.o Catfish is an entertaining show but it’s not an epidemic, it’s an exemplar.- Online we can think before we respond. Face to face we’re caught off guard and haveno time to think about the response. Therefore, we might exaggerate more online.Chapter Summary - Communication technology is often used for interpersonal communication and sometimes we even communicate with technology as if it were human- There is no reason to assume that online relationships are less than off-line ones as they exists in our real social