COMM 105 1nd Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture 1. Questions to consider2. Law of Accelerating Returns3. Rate of Adoption4. Technology change and CMC: 3 implications5. Technology and Humanity6. Uses and Gratifications7. Media as tools Outline of Current Lecture 1. The roles of social media should be2. Criteria for Media3. News is not new4. Jacksonian Democracy5. Jacksonian Democracy led to the Penny Press6. Objective Journalism7. Information Speed has drastically changed8. Inverted Pyramid9. News in the Electronic Age10. Broadcast Tailoring11. Citizen JournalismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.12. Exemplification Theory13. Framing TheoryCurrent LectureChapter 5 - NewsQuestions to Consider- What are the criteria for something to be considered newsworthy?- How may new technology influence the criteria for newsworthiness?- What is citizen journalism?- What is the inverted pyramid process?Laswell, a normative scholar says that The Roles of Media should be:1. Surveillance – telling us what’s going on2. Correlation – how society feels about the world and what’s going on3. Transmission to cultural heritage – we can learn about who we are through mediaLaswell says media should be nothing else.But what about Entertainment and Social connections?Criteria for media:- Timeliness – it’s happening right now.- Prominence – when big things are happening to prominent people o Example: the Royal Wedding- Location – it’s close to uso Physical proximity – it’s physically close to uso Semantic proximity – it’s close to you in regards to content Example: if Michigan University raised its tuition by 40% that would be of close semantic proximity because if it happened to that school, it could happen to our school. - Human Consequence – it affects a lot of peopleo It doesn’t always have to be a mass destruction.o Example: camera’s on stoplights – you get a ticket in the mail – you’re out $40 and that was all your grocery money for the rest of the month.- Intriguing QualitiesNews is not new- We’ve been spreading news and information around for a long time- And news will be around until the end of time- It changes with the economyThe growth of the People led to information being crafted for the people.- Information is power, when you share information, you share power.Jacksonian Democracy - Andrew Jackson said that everyday people have opinions that matter- Increase the number of voters and speak to those peopleo How Obama got elected: he spoke to people who haven’t been directly spoken tobefore and there was a high voter turnout of new voters.Jacksonian Democracy led to the Penny Press- Penny Press = newspapers designed for the everyday person with stuff that is interestingand important to them. - Democracy and Objectiveso Larger audiences were more difficult to define and craved “quick and cheap” news because they worked long hours and only had a limited time to read.- The Penny Press was:o Printed Dailyo Sold for a pennyo Wide range of topicso Paid for by advertisers- The New York Times started out as a Penny Press.Why is Objective Journalism the way to go?- Everyone will read it- If you give an opinion, you cut your audience in half- Objective Journalism came about because of the larger audiences of the Penny Press.Information speed has drastically changed- Physical proximity – the world got a lot smaller because of the speed of information exchange increased.- Semantic Proximity – has increased to anyone that thinks the same way we do.The Inverted PyramidThe Lead - Who, What, Where, When and HowBody – crucial and clarifying InformationThe “tail”- Background info- This format of writing works because it allows you to leave off the “tail” if you don’t haveenough room because of the newshole (advertising); other important news is going on; the audience only wants to read the lead; and the lead is easy to share on social media.News and the Electronic Age- As news became valued, it was enhanced by technology - The first radio station (KDKA Pittsburgh) was licensed in 1919 and broadcast the 1920 Presidential Election and 1921 MLB gameo This was the first time people could vote for the president and know who won the same day.- These were the first audiences able to follow an event without actually attending it- Listening to things live was a big deal; it started the entertainment value of communication and celebrities.Broadcast to Tailoring- Not all technology is designed to broadcast to all using the electromagnetic spectrum- (more) exclusive forms of distribution such s cable signals are also used- The distinction is important, because more access exclusively means fewer content regulations. - We have more specific technologyo Cable: you have to request and pay to get it installed in your home. Therefore there is less regulation- 3 types:o Broadcast – has to be more regulated by the FCC because everyone has access toit.o Narrowcasto Tailored“It’s about investing power from the few… and how that will not only change the world,but also change the way the world changes.” – Lev GrossmanCitizen Journalism = Amateur Journalism?- Everyone still has a voice and opinion, but who is the most trust worthy person to talk about what’s going on?- Consider Maher’s 3 E’so Ethical code of journalism – if you don’t follow the rules you will be shunnedo Economics – the cost of producing the information: investigations, time, resources.o Epistomology – a journalist sees their role as a watcher; a citizen sees their role as an activist- Social media has caused a shift in content ownership and productionThe press “may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling readers what to think ABOUT.” - The topics covered become the important topicso There are 33 Varsity sports at WVU but football is covered so much it is the most important one.- The press chooses the stories that will appeal to the largest audience- The agenda = what’s on the front page = what people are talking about- Media agenda sets the public’s agenda which sets the way people voteo However, the agenda may now set by social media (still means CNN, NBC, etc. aretweeting and setting the agenda)Exemplification Theory- Using examples to tell stories- The