HDFS 230 1st EditionLecture 15HDFS 230 Week 6 Lecture 1: 2/18- Language is a tool for cognitiono Private speech- internal dialogue when people talk to themselves. (Silently or loudly) Young children speak out loud to monitor their behavioro Social mediation- Interaction that expands and advances understanding Ex: Words can be used to explain something to another persono Early childhood a sensitive period for vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciationo Naming explosion- becomes more general: + verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions. ~500 words at age 2 ~10,000 at age 6o Fast-mapping- Mental mapping new words into categories according to perceived meaning. 1.) Objectives 2.) Verbs 3.) Modifiers (blue, sad, etc.) Coin new words- Ex: plant man= Gardener Metaphors- Ex: Clouds are like pillows; Those leaves are dancing- Developing Speecho Age 2 begin to put together wordso Phonemes- individual word sounds of language Ex: “c” for cato Morphemes- The basic meaning units of language Ex: “Me want juice”= 3 units- Learning basic grammaro Grammar=Structures techniques and rules that communicate meaningo Basic rules Subject-verb-object structure Plurals To be- Learning by making errorso Overregularization- puts irregular pasts and plurals into regular form Ex: “If I walked I must have runned and swimmed”o Semantics: understanding word meanings Overextension- to broadly Underextension- to narrow- Pragmatics- How language changes from one social situation to anothero Rules for appropriate and effective communication1. Using language for greeting demanding etc. (By 2)2. Changing language depending on who you are talking too (~4)3. Following rules such as turn taking, staying on topic- Supporting language learningo Recasting- semantic and synaptic revisions of children’s utterances Child: “Baby Crying” Adult “Yes, the baby is crying.”o Expansions- elaborating on child’s speech Child: “Baby crying” Adult: “ Yes, why do you think the baby is crying? Is she sad?o Labeling- Using words for everything- Abnormal language developmento Speech=sounds Problems: stuttering, mispronunciationo Language= meaning Language delays more serious Language delay: right sequence but slower rate Most common developmental problems- 5-10% of preschoolers- Causes: hearing, learning disability, intellectual disability, premature, neurological, autism, mutism, or late