HDFS 230 1st Edition Lecture 7- Physical growtho Cephalocaudal- head to toe development (upper body before lower body)o Proximodistal- inside out development (spine then arms)- Brain developmento Frontal lobe- project future consequences, choice between good and bad, decide what issocially acceptable, determine similarities and differences o Hemispheres- brain is divided into left and right o Linking areas o Lateralization- each brain hemisphere has different functionso Corpus callosum- allows for communication between the two hemisphereso Myelination- speed of thoughto Handedness- Influences on physical growtho Injury- automobile accidents ranked highesto Environmental hazardso Immunizations- not linked with ADD or any other diseaseo Nutrition- 10x exposure to like new itemo Malnutritiono Just right phenomenon- when young children are rigid about routines and preferences.- Motor developmento Simple movements to more complex movementso Practice makes perfecto Locomotor- movement from place to placeo Nonlocomotor- movement when the person is stationaryo Manipulative- use of hands or another part to move or manipulate an object- Early mind- Piageto Preoperational thought- age 2-7 where child start to use words to recognize objectso Symbolic thought- the ability to represent thinks even when they aren’t presento Limitations Static reasoning- things are unchanging, they will stay the same Focus on appearance- see something only by how it lookso Classification Class inclusion- more advanced than simple classification, some classes of objects are in larger class as well Seriation- arrangement by chronological order Hierachical- arrangement by ranko ConservationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Centration- tendency to focus on one aspect Irreversibility- belief that actions cannot be reversed or undoneo Egocentrism- children cannot see another’s viewpointo Animism- giving human like characteristics to non human thingso Artificialism- idea that natural phenomena are created by human beingso Dual representation- has more than one meaningo Identity Constancy- inability to grasp that a person’s core self stays the same despite outward appearanceso Theory of mind- appears at age 4, children’s first cognitive understanding that other people have different beliefs and perspectives than their own- Languageo Vocab development Naming Sensitive period Fast mapping- using knowledge to find best definition that makes most sense forthe wordo Speech Phonemes Morohemes Structure Grammar  Semantics- word meanings Overregularization Underextension Pragmatics- Emotional Developmento Regulationo Initiative vs. Guilto Self esteem (protective optimism, self concept)- Play- Make-Believe Playo Make Believe, pretend Practice and strengthen new representational thoughto Changes Detachment- Child detaches objects from real-life associations- Only for pretending- See the object for what it is in real life- Copy what they see adults doing with these objects Less self centered- child begins to focus make-believe on other people or objects- See how other people will pretend- May feed other people or other toys Sociodramatic play- Combination of schemes- Late preschool years Huge shift in cognitive development starts with pretend playo Benefits Enhances social and cognitive skills Engage in longer period of play- increased:- Attention- Memory- Language and Literacy- Imagination and Creativity- Emotional regulation- Perspective taking- Social skillso Encourage Pretend Play (p.320) Materials and Space Encourage play Understanding adults Experiences Assist in Problem Solvingo Dual Representation Understanding that something can be both a symbol and an object Develops around 3 years