HDFS 230 1st Edition Lecture 11- Attachment Styleso Secure attachment 60% of US infants Child uses primary caregiver as a secure base from which to explore Child reacts with joy upon caregivers returno Insecurely attached Avoidant 20%- Appear detached indifferent upon mothers return Anxious Ambivalent 10-15%- Clingy; fearful, fear of exploration- Severe distress when mother leaves; often inconsolable  Disorganized 5-10%- Bizarre behaviors; may freeze; look frightened- Can result from abuse- Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages1. Trust versus Mistrust World is a secure place when needs are met Responsiveness needed from caregivers2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Sense of self control over body and actions Caregiver must give suitable guidelines and reasonable choices Emotional Development: Basic Emotionso Happiness- binds parents and babies Reflexive smile Social smile 6 weeks Laughter 3-4 monthso Anger First expression at 6 months Healthy response to frustrationo Fear Emerges at 9 months Response to people things or situations Self Conscious Emotionso Shame o Guilto Embarrassmento Envyo Prideo Emerge middle of second yearo Self Awareness- Children become aware of self as separate and uniqueThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Require adult instructions about when to feel these emotions Temperamento Inborn characteristic of reactivityo Reactivity: Speed and intensity of Emotional arousal Attention Motor Activityo Self Regulation: Strategies that modify reactivityo Structure of temperament Easy 40% Difficult 10% Slow to warm up 15% Hard to classify 35%o Findings; Mostly stable by age 3- Extremes tend to carry over into adolescence- Parenting practices are crucialo Originates in the genes but affected by child-rearing practiceso Caregiver factors predicting secure attachment Responsive parent and easy baby Parent has working model of secure attachment Synchrony- Caregiver and infant emotionally attuned- Parents sensitivity to baby’s signals foundation of attachmento Benefits if secure attachment Predicts later social and emotional development Securely attaché infants- More Trusting- More Confident- LEARN language more easily- Healthy independence- Learns to give and receive