Hdfs 230 1st Edition Lecture 2 Current LectureHDFS 220 Week 5 Lecture 2: Early Childhood 2 to 6 years- Physical Growtho Center of Gravityo Skeletal Growth- Growth Slowso Shape is more streamlineo Each preschool year add 3’’ and 4.5 Ibs- Motor Developmento Movement patterns and skills Muscle growth + Brain maturation Progresses through sequence at individual rates Build on what they know- from simple to complex Role of play Practice improves dexterity (Practice makes perfect)o Types of Movement Locomotor- place to place- Jumping, running, skipping Nonlocomotor- Staying in place- Pushing, wiggling, twisting- Balance and coordination Manipulative- use of hands and feet- Grasping, clapping, throwing, kicking- Fine-motor skills and hand eye coordinationo Motor development= Body growth + Brain development + Environment- Brain Developmento Weight Age 2 years, brain weighs 75% of adult Age 6 years, 90% of adult weighto Linking areas of development Cerebellum Reticular formation Corpus callosumo Frontal lobe areas for planning and organization developo Speed of thought increases Faster thinking due to extensive myelination- 5 year old much quicker than 3 year oldsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Corpus callosum- band of nerve fibers connecting our left and right hemisphereso More efficient communicationo Lateralization Lateralization- is the specialization of certain functions by each side of the brain Left hemisphere active in young children because of:- Language skills- Handedness Handedness- reflects dominant cerebral hemisphereo Right-handed (90%) left hemisphereo Left-handed (10%) both hemisphere- Genetic basis affected by experienceo Position in uteruso Practice/ culture Prefrontal Cortex- Before maturationo Jump from task to task; cannot stay quiet- Maturation gradually enableso Focus attention and curb impulsiveness Brain development- Benefits of maturation of prefrontal cortexo Sleep becomes more regularo Emotions become more nuanced and responsiveo Temper tantrums subside- Eating in Early Childhoodo Appetite decreases Vary meal to mealo Wariness of new foods is adaptive 10x exposure for a child to likeo Need high-quality diet Limit fats, oils, salt, and sugaro “Just Right” Phenomenon- Insist on eating only certain foods, prepared and presented inparticular way Normal under 6o More than just food Prefer order that they’ve learned Strong clothes preferences Bedtime routines- Environment Influences on physical Growth and Healtho Nutrition Malnutritiono Infectious Disease Immunizationo Childhood injuries- Nutritiono Culture exposes children to junk foodo Candy as a reward Too much sugar and too little fiber rot teeth Tooth decay most common disease of young childreno Environment Threats Inadequate Nutrition: #1 Global public health threat- Compromises bone, muscle, and brain development- Causes lethargy Link to health- Poor diet suppresses immune system- Illness reduces appetiteo Childhood Obesity Global epidemic- Obesity in the developed worldo Lack of physical activityo Low SES (Junk food cheaper)o Oversized portionso Negative attitudes- teasing- Developing worldo Disease of the “well off”o Immunizations Many American children lack full set - Cost- Schedules- Misconceptions of