HIS 315G 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Malcolm X’s transformation from Lindy Hop to Autobiographical ideologyII. Malcolm X’s lifetimeIII. Zoot suit interpretationsIV. CensorshipOutline of Current Lecture I. Red ChannelsII. Malcolm X's Suspicious deathIII. History as an exclusionary discourseIV. Women in swing during the warCurrent LectureRed Channels: the report of communist influence in radio and television, came out in 1950"listing of red fascists and sympathizers"Lots of pop culture that got blacklisted resulting: Hazel Scott, Pete Seeger, Langston Hughes, Orson Welles-Lots of these people's activism was around civil rights and social equality; got turned into communism or just wanted to get them out anyways-Successfully silenced many activists and minimized the scale of civil rights before the 50's and 60'soHazel Scott had a radio show (first TV show hosted by a black woman) that was cancelledin 1950 because of being on this list, targeted as the wife of Adam Clayton Powell (featured in Norma Miller reading)- congressman who advocates for restoration of Harlem after the riots and other social justice issues The death of Malcolm X: 3 members of NOI were convicted for killing Malcolm X, doubtful involvement of killer/accomplices etc. responsibility of the murder remains mysterious-Acted alone? Under orders of the NOI or the FBI/CIA?-Why didn't the police do more investigation? Manning Marable questions the reputability of the Autobiography of Malcolm X; he was a profound storyteller and had a lot to prove, apparently there are vast inconsistencies when you read it closer-Both Malcolm and Alex Haley (author) had intentions and agendas, must be critical when you read the autobiographyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Can't be treated as an exact historical document Reading history critically -> women in swing reading-Particularly interested in how women are lacking in the historical record of swing music history, must read this record critically; were women not written in the record because they weren't there?No. -Limited history replicated: very gendered perspective, history was written and published by men; history is a reflection of the timeframe it was produced History as an exclusionary discourse: history discloses what it discloses, the publishers are generally prominent members of society so the record can frequently be disrupted-Constructed with agendas and desires that aren't omitted from the record-Periodization: how the timeframe affects the record of history Swing goes to war: as men go off to war, women in swing get new visibility-Swing for soldiers: patriotic music used to lift the spirits of the soldiers-Andrew's sisters performance "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" women dressed in military uniform but much more feminine, war isn't the subject of the song, song is about a man sung to a bunch of men, expressing patriotism and war-USO Shows-Huge musician strike during WWII: musicians are upset because they aren't getting royalties for their music being playedoJune 1942 - November 1944 no release of recorded music; American Federation of Musicians Strike. Uncle Sam decides that the soldiers need music to increase morale, createsV-disks produced by the US Government, only for the troops, supposed to be destroyed afterthe war!! -Women were prominent in swing at this time but the government insisted on destroying these disks after the war, further eliminating them from the narrative of swing history "Rosie the Riveter" symbol of empowerment for women-Dominant image of women workers during WWII-Help the war effort then were expected to go home, not remain in military** Obscures a long history of working women!! Women (especially women of color) were working long before wartime** -All Rosie the riveter propaganda is of white women, suggesting that affluent housewives who didn't need to work should work as a patriotic effort-Not a sign of government embracing gender equality, but more as a convenient way to expand the workforce Female Vocalists: many swing vocalists were successful; as far as women musicians were concerned vocalists had the highest potential for success; because of their eye candy value? " Only God can make a tree and only men can make good jazz""The woman musician was never born capable of sending anyone further than the nearest exit.. Women musicians are as a whole emotionally unstable and could never be consistent performers" -Hard environment to be a female musician..-There were hundreds of all-woman bands that no one has ever heard of; they weren't unheard of because they were unskilled but because it was such a bad environment at the time-Some women directed male bands or filled vacancies in male bands How were women in music perceived? EYE CANDY"Regardless of sexual orientation, all women who played in all-girl bands were at times viewed as sexually suspect, either as loose or as a lesbian" - Sherry Tucker-To add onto that all girl bands are generally all segregated as well Feminizing un-ladylike music and instruments: -Emphasize 'female' instruments like harps and choir-Sousaphone player in a