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UT HIS 315G - Dangerous Fashion

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HIS 315G 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. International Sweethearts of RhythmII. Midterm REviewIII. Racial/Gender relationships IV. Jim Crow implicationsOutline of Current Lecture I. Midterm reviewII. Dangerous fashionIII. RepatriationIV. PachucosV. RiotsCurrent LectureMidterm Format: 75 minutesPart 1: 5 keywords @ 10 points each-Allow 25-30 minutes-Select from 7-8 keywords-5 points for each definition-5 points for cultural significancePart 2: Essay 50 points-Justify 45-50 minutes for essay-Choose from 2 options All keywords and essay questions will be provided in advance** we are expected to prepare in advanceMust know authors names for citing readings Dangerous Fashion: swing, Mexican American & American citizenship Keywords: RepatriationPachuco SwingZoot SuitThe Sleepy Lagoon Murder Trial of 1942The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943 WWII: Freedom abroad; freedom at homeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Inequality of Jim Crow laws; segregated military, workforce and social sphere-Internment of Japanese Mexican Americans & American Citizenship-1930's Repatriation: Mexican Americans became a target as they posed a threat to American citizen workforceoUS at the federal and state level both voluntary and involuntarily put pressure on Mexicans and Mexican Americans to return to their nation of citizenship and free up jobs for American citizens (white) oHow many were repatriated as non-citizens? How many were American citizens pressurized to leave their country of citizenship? o1929-1939 ~500,000 Mexicans and US born children repatriated; half from TexasoCame in the form of assistance to leave US (bus tickets)-To this point in history, becoming a citizens wasn't that important for Mexicans/ Mexican Americans; they suddenly receive immense pressure to leaveThis resulted in a pullback; creation of a youth subculture caught between wanting to belong and feelingalienated by their home country. Assimilate into swing culture. Pachuco: meant punk at the timeYouth subculture that participated in the swing culture of the time; wore zoot suits both male and female-Criminalizing descriptions-Subculture of people who only wanted to fit in-Spoke Calo: "represents a degeneration of the Spanish language resulting from an inadequate Spanish vocabulary and the inability to write the tongue spoken at home"oCreates a wall between them and their parentsoSpeaks to their lacking upbringingo"Los Angeles Maims Spanish as New York does English"To be 'pachuco' can only be done north of the border.. Don't fit in north or south-Popular connotation with dancing, drugs, sex and illicit behaviorBecame enemies of American culture during wartime Pachuco Swing: Don Tosti recorded "Pachuco Boogie" Born and raised in the US-Lyrics in Spanish (hipster Spanish; not traditional); similar sound to traditional swing at the time -Scat solo -Slower and more relaxed; more singing than talking-Huge hit with Mexican teenagersLala Guerro "Father of Chicano Music" Also born and raised in the US; says "whites wouldn't buy a Mexican singing American music"-Could only make money singing Mexican music; couldn't be taken seriously pursuing jazz-Song "Marihuana Boogie" -Narrative of the desire to be American: interpreted as un-American -Unable to break out of their stereotypes both musically and beyondZoot Suits: Anti-American in a Time of WarIn the middle of the war; March 1942 Zoot Suits are defined as illegal-Government passed a regulation rationing fabric; advocates streamlined suits-Zoot Suits become illegal goods since they use so much fabricoAssociated with lack of patriotism, alienation and delinquency The Sleepy Lagoon Case: Party in LA in 1942 a fight breaks out and Jose Diaz is found beaten up, dies. LA Police arrest 600 youths, mostly Mexican Americans identified by zoot suits. Didn't offer much of a rationale for why they were arrested: they looked dangerous, they had their hair slicked back, they were wearing zoot suits, they looked like they had attitudes. 22 men are tried for the murder of Jose Diaz; referred to as the 38th Street Gang. Prosecution uses a report by Sheriff Edward Ayres: psychoanalyzing the natural criminal tendencies attributable to "Aztec blood-letting heritage" Judge didn't allow them to groom themselves during the trial; couldn’t style their hair, couldn't wash their clothes, put in 'prisoners box' where they couldn't speak to their lawyers and they looked increasingly unpresentable thus worsening their case. Police felt pressure to put down the pachuco population because they believed they were all affiliated with gangs; some were some weren't. Police went way too far. Zoot Suit Riots: -1943: 11 sailors said they were attacked by a group of pachucos; round up all their other sailor friends and invade east LA and attack any Mexican American youth who appears remotely 'Pachuco' -Ultimate symbol of the alienation and combating of this youth culture-Police don't get involved until the sailors are basically through, only arrest the victims; the mediais the only source for slowing down the turmoilPolice arrest only 9 sailors; none chargedArrest 600+ Mexican Americans as "preventive" measureRhetoric of


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