Psy 3061 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Answers to the first/second quizII. Action potentialIII. Synaptic transmissionIV. Neurotransmitters V.ReceptorsOutline of Current Lecture I. Neurotransmitter systemsCurrent LectureI. Neurotransmitter systemsa. Amines: quarternary amines, acetylcholine (ACh) (know what class the amine belongs to)i. Come from your dietii. Pharmacological agonist often come as precursors to neurotransmitters iii. Blood brain barrier makes chemicals incapable of passing  need a precursor drug that can chemicals pass (e.g. L-Dopa) iv. Acetylcholine  synthesized in basal forebrain  projects to hippocampus, amygdala, and cortexb. Monoamines (still amines ^)i. Catecholamines: norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (adrenaline), dopamine (DA)ii. Dopamine  synthesized in the midbrain  depending on where in midbrain it goes different places1. Mesostriatal pathway (motor control/movement)  synthesis in substantia nigra and projects to striatum2. Mesolimbocortical pathway (reward/reinforcement)  synthesis in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects to limbic system and cortexThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Norepinephrine1. Nonadrenaline2. Synthesized in the locus coeruleus and lateral tegmental area3. Broad projection throughout limbic system, thalamus, and cortexiv. Serotonin  synthesized in raphe nuclei (throughout midbrain and brain stem)  project widely throughout brainv. Indolamines: serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine; 5-HT), melatoninc. Amino acids: glutamate, glycine, GABA (y-amminobutyric acid)i. Most common type of neurotransmitterii. Building blocks of everything elseiii. Made of amine and carboxylic acid groupd. Neuropeptides: large peptides, hormones, etc.i. Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in axon terminalsii. Alternate site of synthesis in the soma by ribosomes  transported to axon terminals via “slow” and “fast” mechanismsiii. Slow axonoal transport (~5mm/day)  enzymes, small neurotransmitter molecules (e.g. NO, amino acids) from axon to axon terminaliv. Fast axonoal transport (~400mm/day)  larger polypeptides (e.g. hormones) and precursors packages into vesicles in cell body, transported by way of microtubules and fueled by ATP e. Gases: nitric oxide, carbon monoxidei. Retrograde neurotransmissionii. Postsynaptic neuron affects the presynaptic neuron1. Because some gases are soluble (e.g. nitric oxide)  can readily pass through cell membrane of presynaptic neuron2. Often occurs in form of