PSY 3061 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Stages of neurodevelopmentII. Induction of neural plateOutline of Current Lecture III. Neuronal DeathIV. Bain reshapingV. Postnatal brain maturationVI. Sensitive periods in brain maturationVII. NeurogenesisCurrent LectureI. Neuronal deatha. Necrosis: caused by brain trauma or other pathologyb. Apoptosis: genetic programs that tell the cell to self destructi. Already fulfilled cellular functionsii. Lack of nutrientsiii. Neurotrophic factors: chemicals released by postsynaptic cells that help maintain the survival of presynaptic cellsII. Brain reshapinga. Young brain is overconnected because it does not know which connections it will need mostb. Synaptic pruning makes way for strengthening of used synapsesIII. Postnatal brain maturationa. White matter increasesb. Gray matter decreasesc. Primary motor and somatosensory areas develop first, followed by reasoning, language, and complex spatial areas of the brain in more anterior and posterior regionsIV. Sensitive periods in brain developmenta. Childhood and adolescence encompass sensitive periods, windows in time where the brain is more malleable to experiencesb. During a sensitive period, one’s experiences may cause long term effects on the brainc. Before or after a sensitive window, one’s experiences affect the brain less, and these effects tend to last a shorter durationd. Critical period: windows where the developing organism must be exposed to a particular experience in order for a brain structure to These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.appropriately develope. Excitation of retinal ganglion cells for their survival; some language during early childhoodf. For the most part, critical periods are more rare than sensitive periods, and problems during critical periods may lead to serious disorderV. Neurogenesisa. Can postnatal brain generate new cells?b. Until recent years, it was largely assumed that all neuron one has at birth is all the individual is going to get i.e. neurons only die and don’t come backc. Neurogenesis: growth of new neurons may happen in adultsRats raised in the exercise condition had more new neurons than did rats raised in no exercise environment regardless of
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