PSY 3061 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Neuronal DeathII. Bain reshapingIII. Postnatal brain maturationIV. Sensitive periods in brain maturationV. NeurogenesisOutline of Current Lecture VI. Phantom limb syndromeVII. Multiple SclerosisCurrent LectureI. Phantom limb syndromea. Sensation that a missing limb is still attached to the bodyb. Neuromas hypothesisi. Scar tissue caused by removal of the limb has severed nerve endings and these nerves send a cacophonous signal to the brain that “this limb is in pain”ii. Lead to additional surgeries to remove more of the limb or sensory nerves rarely any improvement in clinical condition; pain often gets worsec. Somatosensory plasticityi. Some patients with phantom limbs can actually feel the limb by touching other parts of the bodyii. VS Ramachandran: axons from phantom arm may connect to neighboring area (e.g. face) areas are closely situated in the somatosensory homunculus iii. Mirror box therapy: subject inserts intact arm into a box with a mirror doctor tells patient to move hands/arms in synchrony1. Mechanism still largely unknown2. Visual feedback probably has an important roleII. Multiple sclerosisa. Typical onset in early adulthoodb. Symptoms range broadly in effect and severity c. Physical muscle spasms/weakness, tingles, pain, ataxia, sensory dysfunctiond. Fatigue, sluggish cognition, depression/mood swingse. Sclerosis refers to a hardening of body tissue as a result ofscarringf. In MS, tissue damage occurs via demyelinationg. MS is known to be an autoimmune
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